感顿市安乐阳光实验学校课时跟踪检测（一） Warming Up & Reading — Pre-reading
阅读理解
A
School's out. It's been a long day, so you head home to relax. You're greeted by a friend who's happy to e you, listens to you talk about recess, tells you a new joke, helps you put away your school stuff (东西), and reminds you to text your cousin happy birthday. And that's before he helps you with your homework.
This is your future, and it all starts with a kneehigh robot called NAO (pronounced NOW). It kind of looks like you, walks and dances, listens and talks, and even learns and thinks for itlf. Its creators predict that the stateoftheart robot could be a companion at home by the year 2040.
This $16,000 robot recognizes human facial features, so it knows who you are. NAO can ev
en express emotions. It reprents the new generation of “autonomous” — or lfguided robots. The robots can n, think, and act. Other robots might do two out of the three. For example, a robot might n things using cameras and think using computers, but with no arms, wheels, or claws, it can't act. Other robots can move and n things, but can't think for themlves. The aren't lfguided robots. But NAO can do it all.
“You can program your computer to give NAO what could be called personality，” says Natanel Dukan of Aldebaran Robotics, the French company that built NAO. The robot has cute, childlike features — a high voice, small body, big eyes, and a large head.“There are things that are known to have an emotional appeal to people，” robot expert Dan Kara says，“NAO's friendly design helps in one of NAO's main functions — to teach people how uful personal robots can be. Someday it may help you pass a test！”
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一款新型的机器人。
1．What do we know about NAO from the first two paragraphs?
A．It is as tall as humans.
小石潭记B．It is highly intelligent.
C．It is widely ud in schools now.
D．It is designed to help with the houwork.
日期英文解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“You're greeted by a friend ... before he helps you with your homework”及第二段中的“It kind of looks like you, walks and dances, listens and talks, and even learns and thinks for itlf”可知，这是一款智能化程度很高的机器人。
2．The author develops the third paragraph mainly ________.
A．by cau and effect B．by order in time
宣传阵地建设
C．by comparison 酱猪蹄的家常做法D．by process
解析：选C 写作手法题。根据第三段中的“The robots”， “Other robots”可知，本段主要是把新型机器人与以往的机器人作比较，故选C项。
3．According to Dan Kara, NAO is________.小学作文培训
A．silent B．lowcost
C．lightweight D．urfriendly
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据末段中的“have an emotional appeal to people”及“NAO's friendly design”可知，这款机器人设计得很人性化。
4．The main purpo of the text is to________.
A．ask people to buy the robot
B．introduce a new kind of robot世界ol
C．do an experiment about robots
D．compare different kinds of robots
解析：选B 写作意图题。文章主要介绍了一款新型的机器人，故选B项。
B
Hollywood's theory that machines with evil (邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.In 1960 a wellknown mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论), put it this way: “If we u, to achieve our purpos, a mechanical agency with who operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpo put into the machine is the purpo which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpo has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to prerve its own existence.For the machine, this quality is not inborn, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical conquence of the simple f
周星驰女友
act that the machine cannot achieve its original purpo if it is dead.So if we nd out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to cure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task.If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines who objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
8的英文The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.Some rearchers argue that we can al the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.Unfortunately, that plan ems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is cure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI ems to be possible but not easy.There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines.But the problem should not be dismisd out of hand, as it has been by some
AI rearchers.Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams — yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans.Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen.On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of the atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutroninduced (中子诱导的) nuclear chain reaction.
