直接引语和间接引语精讲
一. 直接引语和间接引语
完全按照原句或原段逐字引述,被引述的部分叫做直接引语。间接引语是用引述人的语言把被引述的原话内容转述出来。引述时，原话中的人称代词、物主代词、动词时态以及指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等都要有相应的变化。
（一）人称代词和物主代词的转变
一般间接引语的主述人是第三者向其他人转述，因此由直接引语变成间接引语时，人称代词和物主代词有下面的转变：
直接引语 间接引语
I he/ she
Me him/ her
we they
us them
you he/ she/ they/ him/ her/ them
my his/ her
mine his/ hers
our their
ours theirs
your his / their
yours his/ theirs
例如：He said, “I have lost my umbrella.”
He said that he had lost his umbrella.
She said, “The book on the table is mine.”
She said the book on the table was hers.
但是，如果引述人不同或具体情况不同，人称代词和物主代词的转变也随之不同。
“I know,” said Crawley, “but I love to hear you say it.”
1. Crawley answered that he knew, but he loved to hear me say it.
2. I (Crawley) answered that I knew but I loved to hear him/ her say it.
3. 第三者转述
a. 第三者转告其他人
Crawley answered that he knew but he loved to hear him/ her say it.
b. 第三者提醒听话者
Crawley answered that he knew but he loved to hear you say it.
c. 第三者复述给说话者
You (Crawley) answered that you knew, but you loved to hear him/ her say it.
（二）时态的转变
1. 主句的时态是过去时，直接引语的谓语动词按照时态一致的原则，在变成间接引语时做如下的变化：
直接引语 间接引语
现在一般时态 过去一般时态
过去一般时态 过去完成时态
将来一般时态 过去一般将来时态
现在进行时态 过去进行时态
过去进行时态 过去完成进行时态
将来进行时态 凤鲚过去将来进行时态
现在完成时态 过去完成时态
过去完成时态 交通标志有哪些过去完成时态
夏天的水果 将来完成时态 过去将来完成时态
现在完成进行时态 过去完成进行时态
过去完成进行时态四年级数学计算题 过去完成进行时态
将来完成进行时态 过去将来完成进行时态
例如
“I am afraid that arguments don’t make a difference..”said he with a smile.
He said with a smile that he was afraid that arguments didn’t make a difference.
So he said to me, “You don’t know what you are talking about.”
So he said to me I didn’t know what I was talking about.
“I did not suppo that you had done it on purpo.” she said.
She said that she had not suppod that he had done it on purpo.
“I have won the match already.” claimed my friend.
My friend claimed that he had won the match already.
I said，“I shall be there.”
I said I should be there.
2. 主句谓语动词虽然是过去时，但在下面情况中间接引语的谓语动词时态不变。胆囊炎有哪些症状
a. 间接引语陈述的事实不受时间限制，或者表示的是习惯行为。
The students recited, “The Mississipi is the longest river in US.”
The students recited the Mississipi is the longest river in US.
Mrs Smith said to the students, “I read for half an hour before I go to bed every night.”
Mrs Smith told the students that she reads for half an hour before she goes to bed every night.
b. 直接引语的谓语动词是一般过去时态，如果带表示确定的过去时间状语或时间状语从句，变成间接引语时，谓语动词可用一般过去时态。
The article wrote, “In 1801, Napoleon’s troops in Egypt gave in to the British command.”
The article wrote in 1801, Napoleon’s troops in Egypt gave in to the British command.
“When I was young and made mistakes,” she said, “the foreman beat me; when I grew up, he did not but fined me.”
形容友谊深厚的成语 She said that when she was young and made mistakes, the foreman beat her; when she grew up, he did not but fined her.
（三）指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的转变
直接引语 间接引语
this that
the tho
now then/ at that moment
ago before
today that day
tomorrow the next day/ the following day
yesterday the day before/ the previous day
last week/month the week/ month before
next week/month the next/ following week/ month
here there
例如：He said, “I want this one.”
He said he wanted that one.
She said, “She can’t ttle anything now.”
She said that she couldn’t ttle anything then.
Bob said, “Some students invited me to tea a few days ago.”
Bob said that some students had invited him to tea a few days before.
“I will marry you tomorrow.” she promid.
She promid that she would marry me the next day.天下无不散之筵席
“I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday.” he shouted at me.
He shouted at me that he had told me the day before and two days before.
（四）直接引语转变成间接引语时要注意的几个问题
1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说泰山圣母said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——>
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）
此外主句中的谓语还常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
