高考英语动词及动词短语知识点及高频考点练习(含答案)崔莺莺
动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色之一,也是学生学习中的难点,因此每年均为测试的重点。在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。其考点主要包括:
1.考查动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、词形相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。
2.考查动词短语辨析。主要包括同根动词短语的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析、不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析。在动词词组的测试中,绝大多数为基础动词,出现频率较高的词有:get,turn,make,put,go,give,break,cut,come,look,keep,bring,show,pick,hold,
fall,carry,pull,catch,call,take 等。
高考对动词、动词短语的考查,除了考查其基本含义辨析外,更注重动词(短语)的新义和引申义,如:
polish 抛光,磨光(本意)→修正,文饰(引申); sniff 嗅,闻(本意)→鄙视地说,嗤之以鼻(引申); stir 移动,搅拌(本意)→煽动(引申); break down 发生故障,失灵,失效(本意)→坍塌,崩溃,瓦解,中断,中止(引申),同时还有“恸哭”之意; look into 向里面看(本意)→调查,研究(引申),同时还有“浏览”之意; work o
ut 的基本意思为“解决,算出,制订出”,较生意思为“锻炼”。
3.考查系动词、半系动词用法。动词作系动词用时,后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等,此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有:appear, become, feel, look, sound, em, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist 等。此外,一些无被动语态形式的“个性”动词(短语)也是学习的重点,如 belong to(属于),witness(见证,目击)等。
知识点一高考常考的几组动词词义辨析
1.injure,hurt,wound,destroy
我不想伤害他的感情。
He was wounded in the battle.
他在战斗中负过伤。
beat,hit,strike,defeat,win
out of anger.
伪满皇宫
她生气地打了他一下。
The tower was struck by lightning.
该塔被闪电击中了。
怎么蒸花卷
天笑He defeated all the other participants and won the prize. 他击败了其他参赛者,获了奖。3.adopt,attach,adapt,adjust
at all.
这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整,而且一点也不贵。
Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chine government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.
为了保持平衡,中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。
家常烩面
Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。知识点二高考常考的动词短语辨析
1.break
break 脱离……,奋力挣脱…… break down 出故障,累垮,分解
break in 打断,插话,强行进入
闯入……,破门而入
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发break through 突围,冲破,突破
break up 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开
If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.
如果你继续像那样工作,迟早你会累垮的。
2.bring
bring about 引起,导致,使发生
今天的祝福语bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入) bring up 抚养,培养,哺育
bring down/up (the price) 使……降低,减少,降价/提价
[比较:(prices) go down/up (价格)下降/上涨]
bring out 拿出,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出
The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
政府已经采取措施降低日用品价格以保持市场稳定。
3.call
call at (someplace) 访问(某地),拜访(某地)
直连线[比较:call on(sb.) 拜访(某人),访问(某人)] call back 回电话
call in 请来,召集
call off 取消
call on/upon 号召
call up 给……打电话,使人想起
call for 提倡,号召,要求,需要,去接某人
The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.
孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。
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come about 发生,产生
come across 偶然相遇
come on 过来,跟我来,加油,来吧,赶快
come out 露出,出来,出现,出版,发(芽),(花)开
come up 被提出,上来,走近,上升,长出来
come 提出,想出(主意),找出(答案),赶上
come into being 形成
come into u 投入使用
If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. 如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵,但是你仍想买这辆,就让服务员降价。 5.get
get away from 逃脱,逃离
get away with 做了坏事而未受惩罚get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事get in 进入,收割,达到
get over 克服,恢复
get across 理解,(使)渡过
get through 接通(电话),完成(工作),通过(考试)
After that,he knew he could get through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.
在此之后,他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。
6.give
give away 赠送,给予,背弃,泄露,分发
give in 投降,让步,屈服
苹果来电闪光灯
give back 归还,送回
give off 释放,放出(烟、光、热等) give out 用完,耗尽,分发,发放give up 放弃,辞去
He said he wasn't disappointed at the result of the final exam, but the look on his face gave himlf away.
他说他对期末考试的结果不失望,但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。
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go against 违反,违背
go over 复习,重温,仔细检查,审阅go by 走过,经过,(时间)消逝,过去go out 熄灭,出去,外出
go without 没有……也行,没有……也能勉强应付
go through 通过,经受,浏览,仔细检查
I always start the day by going through my email.
我每天第一件事就是要看电子邮件。
8.hold
hold back 隐瞒;控制(情感) hold out 维持;抵抗;硬撑hold up 使……耽搁
hold on 坚持;别挂(电话) hold together 团结一致hold on to 保留,抓住不放
I'd hold on to that hou for the time being; hou prices are rising sharply at the moment.
我目前要守住这套房子,这段时间房价涨得很快。
9.look
look 回顾……,回忆…… look on 旁观,观望
往……里面看,浏览,调查
look out 留神,当心,注意,警惕,提防
look through 看透,仔细查看,浏览,翻阅,温习
look up 仰视,往上看,(在字典或参考书中)查阅,查询