猫是夜行动物吗The Creation of Works by Charles Dickens
班级：09级英语二班 学号： 090502011222 姓名：石未芳
Out of the vast of Victorian novelists, the three greatest, Dickens, Thackeray, and George Eliot, will be lected for special study. The first of the to achieve fame was Charles Dickens. This man, the reprentative of English critical realism, who was to become a great portrayer of child life, had a sad, painful childhood. Due to his father's imprison of debt, he had little formal education, but managed to make up for the deficiency through avid and extensive reading on his own. Still later he learned the shorthand and became a reporter on parliamentary proceedings. Then he wrote for a pictorial book, The Pickwick Papers (1837), which became immediately popular and started him off on his lifelong writing career. Dickens was a prolific writer. He wrote 20-odd novels, not to say the host of his other writings that came out in print. Reading him is always an enjoyable experience. His effect on the readers can be such that they feel instantly that they are in the prence of greatness. For example, The Pickwick Papers gives a rather comprehensive picture of th
e English society of Dickens' time, and the blending of humour with satire, plus the brilliant portraits of Pickwick and Sam Weller make the book dervedly the first important work of Dickens. In his works, Dickens gives up a most vivid picture of the everyday life of the ordinary people of his time. He created a large number of characters, well drawn, full of life and unforgettable. He had suffered so bitterly himlf as a child and had en so much evil that he burned with the desire to fight it to the end. In many ways, of cour, he still belonged to his age and showed the limits of petty-bourgeois outlook. While prenting a truthful account of the hardships borne by the poor people, he believed that a hard-working and honest man could yet achieve his little personal happiness under capitalism. He criticized the vices of capitalist society, but failed to e the necessity of a bitter struggle of the oppresd against their oppressors. In spite of his weakness, however, there still remains the great writer and great man, the man who loved the common people so humanely and understandingly. That is why Dickens has been a favourite writer with the people of the world.
Dickens’ career can be roughly split into two broad sub-periods. The first of the runs fro
m the beginning through 1850 when he published Dombey and son. Here is en a Dickens smiling through his pages. Not that there are on evil, cruelty and suffering, and tension; his novels reveal plenty of the. Think of the debtors’ prison in Little Dorrit, David Copperfield and The Pickwick Papers ,the poor little boy Oliver asking for more in a workhou, the starvation of the pupils in a boarding school in Nicholas Nickleby, the death of the grandfather and granddaughter in The Old Curiosity Shop ,the suffering of the little mistreated boy in David Copperfield (1850), and the terror of the Gordon riots in 下腹胀痛Barnaby Rudge (1841)－－all the offer sufficient evidence that there is a good deal of pain and cruelty in English society then. Though change is just around the corner, the system is to Dickens still good and capable of becoming better. From the end of the first period to the end of his life, however, the readers tend to detect a Dickens pulling a long face and drowning profuly. He becomes more and more gloomy. His mood change has to do with the "progress” of the country toward the barbaric pha of capitalist development. The utilitarian disregard for human feelings and for the value of imagination as reprented in Hard Times, the ruthlessness of the French aristocrats in A Tale of Two
Cities, the gross injustice of the English legal system in Bleak Hou李永泽, and the ambient gloom that hangs over the prison of the "Marshala"(an apt metaphor for England as a whole) in Little Dorrit－－the are so repulsive and repugnant that the readers have reason to believe that Dickens is sorely frustrated and even despairs toward the latter part of his life to e the country he has loved so much heading toward some ominous direction. What makes him feel very bad is man's cruelty to his fellow creatures. He thinks of his generation as a wicked one. In the first past of his career he ems to have faith in the charitable spirit of human beings, and portrays benevolent characters with warmth and enthusiasm. But as the country moves into the middle and latter part of the century, life becomes wor and Dickens feels depresd. The later pha of his career es him painting a social picture disconcertingly dismal and agonizing. Works like Dombey and Son, Bleak Hou, Hard Times, Little Dorrit, Great Expectations, Our Mutual Friend, Martin Chuzzlewit, and half-done Edwin Drood are all good illustrations.
The Dickensian world is almost Shakespearean. It is a world thronged with the diver specimens of humanity; it is a world where the readers can get a bird's-eye view of the pa
norama of English life. All the different decades overarching the whole historical period of his creative life get their pha of description and offer a historical backdrop for his writing. Thus Dickens' artistic technique can be summarized as below:
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1. Dickens has a tendency to depict the character. Not only are the major characters in his novels very carefully delineate and given distinctive individual characteristics, but in almost every one of his twenty-odd works of fiction we inevitably come across veral rather minor figures who create in the reader's mind strong impressions of their personalities so that they are remembered long afterwards. The cret of such success lies first of all in the novelist giving to his characters exactly the actions and words that fit them in their positions in life and in their given environments, but sometimes the characters become lively and living personages simply becau the author gives them a peculiar habit, manner, behaviour, dress, and catches phra of his or her own, and it is the peculiarities that light up their individual traits and make them vivid and real. In the whole history of English fiction there are few writers who have created such a great number of living portraits in their fictional characters as has Dickens. Some of Dickens ch
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aracters are really such "typical characters under typical circumstances” that they become proverbial or are reprentative of a whole group of similar persons, as for instance Mr. Podsnap and Podsnappery, Bounderby and Gradgrind, Domdey, Monsieur and Madame Defarge, Micawber and Uriah Heep. And it is also the evident of the fact that Dickens was under the influence of Ben Jonson’s comedies of humours, in which each character has his or her own peculiar humour. He also loves to instill life into inanimate things and to compare animate beings to inanimate things. For example, in Hard Times he compares the up and down movement of engines in a factory to the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness, and the smoke in the air above to snakes trailing themlves for ever and ever. In Martin Chuzzlewit he compares the hypocritical Pecksniff to a direction post, which always points out the direction for other people to in but it never moves an inch towards the direction it is pointing.
拼音教学教案2. Dickens is highly critical of his age. Social criticism is a hallmark of all his works. He is supremely human and keenly nsitive to the problems of his age and the plight of his people. As mentioned earlier on, he spearheads his citing attacks toward English law and
the prison system. Dickens frequently achieves the penetrating effect of satire with the successful u of irony or obvious exaggeration, generally applied to objects of ridicule, such as you find in the portrayal of Mr. Bounderby the boastful banker or of Mr. Pecksniff the arch-hypocrite. Touches of broad humour are sometimes employed by Dickens to enliven a whole scene or light up a whole character, as in the ca of the all-too-innocent cousin Volumnia in Bleak Hou or of Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield who is always expecting something to "turn up”. Reading any of his novels, one will understand the fury that the author feels and the emotional intensity with which he deals with the subjects. The Court of Chancery, topical for the 1850s, is the object of his acrid satire in such works as his Bleak Hou. The evil of middle class philistinism, of which utilitarianism constituted an integral part, is thoroughly expod in Hard Times. For the ills of the British parliamentary system and the elections and reprentative government, Dickens has nothing but contempt. Nor does he have any faith and trust in philanthropy and evangelical religion or in boy organized social reform. The best testimony of all the is the extensive coverage he gives in his works to the number of social abus and the othe
r hand, he stands forever on the side of the poor and feels adamant about the just and righteous nature of their struggles for survival. His descriptions of the Chartist Movement and the French Revolution are both good illustrations here.
3. A third artistic device that is often effectively ud by Dickens is the painting of a picture of pathos about some character derving our sympathy, as with Nancy in Oliver Twist or little Nell in日晷的拼音 The Old Curiosity Shop. Pathos is a distinctive quality in Dickens's writings. Though we may feel it affected, the readers of Dickens’ time had great love of pathetic scenes as they were fond of melodrama which were very popular in their time and which are a kind of naively nsational entertainment with the main character either excessively virtuous or excessively evil. Dickens knew what his readers liked, and he loved to avail himlf of every opportunity to appeal to the emotions of his readers. The archetypal Dickensian hero or heroine is often an orphan or a child who parents, though still alive, are as well as dead to them. There is in the protagonists a visible silhouette of young Dickens suffering in a blacking shoe factory or visiting his father in a debtors' prison. They find themlves in a heartless world, without family love and any
n of curity, ignored by society, and struggling against malignant odds for survival. They need other care and attention.怎么给新生儿拍嗝
