Unit 1
一，Views on language：
遥远的远方 1、Structural view （language competence）结构主义语言观
—The founder： Saussure，lan freeman&long
—The structural view of language es language as a linguistic system made up of various 面板插座subsystems：1、the sound system（phonology） 2、sound combinations（morphology）
the discrete units of meaning 3、 the system of combining units of meaning for communication（syntax）
—The structural view limits knowing a language to knowing its structural rules and
vocabulary
2 、Functional view功能主义语言观
— Reprentative： Johnson补中益气丸的功效、marrow、swain canal (the core: grammar)
—The function view not only es language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things功能不仅认为语言是一个语言系统,但也做事情的一种方式
—L内勤岗位职责earners learn a language in order to be able to doing things with it
U the linguistic structure to express functions
肚子上有痣3、Interactional view 交互语言观（communicative competence）
— Emphasis：appropriateness
四象限图怎么画 — Language is a communicative tool，which main u is to build up and maintain social relations between people
—Learners need to know the rules for using the language in certain context
二，View on language learning语言学习观
1.Process-oriented theories:强调过程 are concerned with how the mind organizes new information such as habit formation, induction, making inference, hypothesis testing and generalization.
2.Condition-oriented theories: 强调条件emphasize the nature of the human and physical context in which language learning takes place, such as the number of students, the kind of input learners receives, and the atmosphere.
3.Behavioristtheory,(Skinner and waston raynor) A the key point of the theory of conditioning is that” you can train an animal to do anything if you follow a certain procedure which has three major stages, stimulus, respon, and reinforcement
B the idea of this method is that language is learned by constant repletion and the reinforcement of the teacher. Mistakes were immediately corrected, and correct utterances were immediately praid.
4.Cognitive theory:Chomsky)thinks that language is not a form of behavior,it is an intricate rule-bad system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.There are a finite number of grammatical rules in the system and with knowledge of the an infinite number of ntences can be produced.
5.Constructivist theory:(John Dewey)the constructivist theory believes that learning is a proces in which the learner constructs meaning bad on his/her own experiences and what he/her already knows
6.Socio-constructivist theory: (Vygotsky) he emphasizes interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context bad on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” (ZPD) and scaffolding.
Unit 2
一，What makes a good language teacher?
ethic devotion, professional qualities ，certain desirable personal styles.
四， principles of communicative language teaching (CLT) 交际语言教学法原则
1) Communication principle: activities that involve real communication promote learning.
2) Task principle: activities in which language is ud for carrying out meaningful tasks promote learning.
3) Meaningfulness principle: language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process.
五，Howatt propos a weak and a strong version of CLT.
Weak version: learners first acquire language as a structural system and then learn how to u it in communication. --- the weak version regards overt teaching of language forms and functions as necessary means for helping learners to develop the ability to u them for communication.
Strong version: language is acquired through communication. The learners discover the structural system in the process of leaning how to communicate.---regards experiences of using the language as the main means or necessary conditions for learning a language as they provide the experience for learners to e how language is ud in communication.
六，PPP: prentation，practice，production
三. Principles for good lesson planning
A. Aim B. Variety C. Flexibility D. learning ability E. linkage
四. Components of a lesson plan教案的内容
A. Background information
B Teaching aims
爱的写法 C. Language contents and skills
D. stages and procedures
E. Teaching aids
F. End of lesson summary
G.. Optional activities and assignments昂贵
H. After lesson reflection
Unit 5
二，The role of the teacher 教师的角色
