The French Revolution
From 1789 to 1794,lots of upheavals had occurred and changed French institutions of monarchy,aristocracy,church power and social structure thoroughly.
陶埙In 1789,China was prosperous under the government of Qianlong,while French was facing a great challenge in revolution.But unlike the Russian or Chine revolutions of the 20th century,the French Revolution appeared when it was a most advanced country.French works and science were popular around the world,even almost every citizen in European countries could read French. Why did France need a revolution at that time?There were five major reasons.The first reason is economic issues. France faced a crisis though it emed prosperous,for the drought in1788 and poor grain harvest aroud anger in Frenchmen.Not only did the quantity of food fall down quickly,but the price of bread ro frociously.The cond one is politics,Louis XVI changed major officers frequently,endowed people more extra rights and frustrated citizens with his corruption and ignorance of politics,so it brought anarchy.The third reason is society.There was no equality in social clas
s then.At that time rich bourgeoisie excluded from the power system.As an amorphous social category,bourgeoisie was the upper crust of the Third Estate.( There were three estates then:Church Power,Aristocrats and the third class who had to pay most taxes)And they rented the distinctions enjoyed by nobles and obtained exemption with more effort.Fourth,the Enlightenment brought the idea of democracy and equality.Writers in 18th century created a culture that encouraged political and social criticism,and people were provided with a language they could describe their dissatisfactions and the critical spirit developed. The fifth reason is France’s support for the War of American Independence.Its costs overburdened the government,causing the financial crisis.In 1788,the French government devoted too much on the war,bringing itlf a lot of debt.All the reasons above were the trigger of the French Revolution.
Then the king Louis XVI held the Estates General which included three groups in 1789.The first estate wanted to vote on raising taxes,the cond wanted to change while the third estate didn’t accept the division of the orders into three parate chambers and wanted to change everything.Then a few priests left the First Estate and sat with the Thir
d,which declared itlf to be the “National Asmbly”. Louis XVI clod the hall they met,so the members found an indoor tennis court,they swore and signed the Oath of the Tennis Court on June 20,1789.Then on July 9th,it declared itlf to be Constituent Asmbly,the king realid it had threatened his reign,so he tried to u army to put the Asmbly to an end.But great rentment was aroud among people.
The revolution can be divided into five periods.First,it truly began with Parisons’ demonstration,and they stormed the Bastille,which ud to have been a firm fortification for 200 years.Peasants attacked the manors of their feudal lords and burned land.The capture of the Bastille,though not so intended,saved the Asmbly at Versailles.Since then,the signal of revolution had spread to other cities and the Asmbly issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen赠边将.It declared that men are born and remain free and equal in rights,and man’s natural rights were held to be “liberty, property, curity,and resistance to oppression”.It first brought freedom of thought and human rights to the first place,which was a significant step in history. Another revolutionary idea occurred that women should have the same rights as men,first in the book The Rights of
Women in 1791.
读后感八百字The cond period is the constitutional changes.Actually, Constituent Asmbly had come to the first place with most power.The安全安全教育平台 constitutional monarchy played a crucial role in the Asmbly,it abolished autocratic monarchy and cancled prerogative of the Church and nobility.After the king failed to overturn the Asmbly,royal family had to move from Versailles to Paris.After Louis XVI’s wife Mary divulged crets to the coalition of Prussia and Austria,France got into great trouble.Then Robespierre汀怎么读音,one of the leaders of the campaign of opposition to the monarchy,overturned its reign and captured the king and the queen.On August 10,1792,Girodins came upon the stage and the Prussian was finally defeated,then the France Republic of the first was founded.Meanwhile,Louis XVI was beheaded.
The third is the Girondins’ period.After the Girondins came into power,it suppresd the campain of restricting the prices of daily needs,and it irritated people.At the same time,it could’t defeat foreign army,Parisons staged a new insurrection and established Jacobin’s
dictatorship.Then France was under rule of Jacobin,it suppresd many rebellions incited by the Girondins,enacted three Land Acts and the first republic democratic constitution.Jacobins beheaded some Girondins and put down most revolts.But later violent internal contradictions appeared,people who were against Robespierre’s dictatorship came together as Thermidoreans to launch the Thermidorean Reaction on July 27,1794 and behead Robespierre.
The fourth period is Thermidoreans’河南地质博物馆 reign.The National Convention was dissolved and the Directory was established,but the society was still unstable.So it dispatched Napoleon Bonaparte to Italy and won the battle.Then the army under Napoleon became more powerful.Gradually, people rioted against the Directory,but it ud army to stop them.Later,on November 9,1799, Napoleon took the power,and the event was called 18 Brumaire,his government was called Consulate.He was Emperor from1804 to 1815.The Brumaire Reaction marks the end of the Republican part of the French Revolution.
Finally,it comes to the end of the French Revolution.During the period of Anti-France Allia
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nce,Napoleon I was totally defeated in the venth battle——Waterloo.Then it comes to the Bourbon 保险装置Restoration.Parisons launched July Revolution and Charles X fled to Britain to establish July Monarchy.Till then,the French Rebolution totally ended.
The French Revolution,as the largest,thoroughest revolution in history,has left the world advanced ideas,military strategies and Napoleon’s Civil code,which is highly valued.So the French Revolution is an important lesson for us to know about.
