虚拟语气—搜狗百科
1）概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2）在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。科学的英文
1.真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型：条件从句 主句
一般现在时shall/will +动词原形
If he come s, he will bring his violin.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
2.非真实条件句
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句 主句
活动新闻稿范文 一般过去时 should(would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+过去分词
If she had worked hard er, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more car eful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and misd many class, he would have made greater progress.
含义： He was ill and misd many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
apn设置 c. 表示对将来的假想
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形百忙之中什么意思
were+不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, e very thing would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
3.混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had ask ed him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night(过去), it would be very cold today(现在).
4.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用'were'，不用was，即在从句中be用were 代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.微信地址修改
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
校庆 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
5特殊的虚拟语气词：should
1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原
形， should 可省略。
句型：
(1)suggested
It is (2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested,order ed, propod, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity, a shame, no wonder
例：It is suggested that we (should)hold a meet ing next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propo, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be nt there.
注意：如suggest, insist不表示'建议'或'坚持要某人做某事时'，即它们用于其本意'暗示、表明'、'坚持认为'时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判断改错:
（错） You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(对) I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal,idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
6.wish的用法
1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：
真实状况 wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作 过去时 过去完成时
（be的过去式为 were）
从句动作与主句动作同时发生现在时 过去时
（had +过去分词）
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +
动词原形
I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）Wish to do表达法。
Wish sb / sth to do
I wish to e the manager. = I want to e the manager.
I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
7.比较if only与only if
only if表示'只有'；if only则表示'如果……就好了'。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarmclock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
8.It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
9need'不必做'和'本不该做'
didn't need to do表示：过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.
needn't have done表示：过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk
back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)
典型例题
There was plenty of time.She___.
A. mustn't have hurried
B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have done. 意为'本不必'，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done,'不可能已经'。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。
语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等，所说的话有的与现在事实相反，或与过去事实相反，或与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。所以虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起。除了if条件句外，还有几种常用的条件句，短语也可表示条件。此外，上下文也能创造虚拟的语言环境。但有时条件从句与结果主句可能发生时间不一致，有时虚拟语气会出现倒装情况。除了与条件句在一起使用的主句用虚拟语气外，有些宾语从句或表语从句也有用虚拟语气的情况。
I虚拟语气的形式与基本用法
一、虚拟语气的形式
虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面四类
假设类型
条件从句谓语
动词形式
主语谓语
动词形式
与现在事实相反
条件从句的谓语：动词的过去式(be用were而不用was)
主句谓语：would(could,might，第一人称可用should)+动词原形
与过去事实相反
吃白果的禁忌 条件从句的谓语：had+ -ed分词
主句谓语：would(could,might，第一人称可用should)+have + -ed分词
与将来事实相反
条件从句的谓语：were to + 动词原形或用过去式（be用were而不用was）
主句谓语：would(could,might，第一人称可用should)+动词原形
与将来事实可能相反意难忘第八季
条件从句的谓语：should + 动词原形
主句谓语：would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形
二、虚拟语气的基本用法
1. 与现在的事实相反
1) What type of automobile would you buy？
［A］ if you have free choice to choo the cars available today
［B］ if you are free to choo among all the cars available today
［C］ if all cars available were free to be chon by you
［D］ if you were free to choo among all the cars available today
2. 与过去的事实相反(有时主句中的should have done表示责备或后悔)
2) ，he would have come to class.
［A］ If Mike is able to finish his homework
［B］ Would Mike be able to finish his homework
［C］ If Mike could finish his homework
［D］ If Mike had been able to finish his homework
3) If the United States had not entered the Second World War，probably the 1940 unemployment rate of 14％still further.
［A］ would ri
［B］ would rin
［C］ would have rin
［D］ had rin
4) Top grade ［A］ diamonds had not ［B］ incread so sharply ［C］ in value in
the late venties ［D］ if one company had not controlled almost all of the world’s supply.
3. 与将来的事实相反
5) The report would be ［A］ relead last January if new developments had not ［B］made it necessary to revi all conclusions drawn from ［C］ the first ries of ［D］
