英语句子成分详解
一、英语句子的成分
皮蛋豆腐图片组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1)主语subject
主语是一个句子的主体,是全句叙述的对象,是句子要说明的人或事物,即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.
We are students. / This is my pen. Y ours is on the desk.
The blind need more help.
To speak loudly in public is not polite.
Smoking is bad for your health.
2)谓语predicate
谓语是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的动作或状态,常由动词担任,一般位于主语之后。谓语有时态和语态的变化,且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. Y ou hate me. Y ou hurt my heart.
I have an English-Chine dictionary. He has one too.
We can play the piano.
She is talking with her sister. / I have en this man before.
3)宾语object 方便面可以干吃吗
鹤壁旅游
宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象,是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。常由名词、代词、
动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.
They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.
She wants to go home.
We enjoy playing football.
【注意】:某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。这一类动词有:bring, give, pass, tell, hand, show, nd, leave, teach, find, buy等。 He gave me a book.
Pass me the ball, will you?
My best friend nt me a Christmas card.
4)表语predicative
餐饮部表语是用于说明主语的性质、状态、身份或特征,常由名词、形容词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于系动词之后。
I am a teacher. My work is teaching English. Huaibei is beautiful.
I am all right. He looks tired. I feel good today. This mooncake tastes delicious.
She is not a good singer.
My question is how you knew him.
5)宾语补足语object complement
宾语补足语是用于对宾语作进一步的补充说明,这样才能表达出完整的意思,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语,常由名词、形容词、动词不定式或介词短语等担任,一般位于宾语之后。
She makes her mother angry.
We find the story very interesting.
I found it difficult to learn English well. / The sun keeps us warm.
The doctor told me to do more exerci.
名师讲堂6)定语attribute
定语是用于对名词或代词进行修饰或限定,常由形容词、名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、介词短语或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。一般单个形容词常位于被修饰词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句常位于被修饰词之后,作后置定语。
Huaibei is a beautiful city. / A bright future shines before our eyes.
She is a chemistry teacher. / This song is better than that one.
Do you know the young man over there?
We have something to do tomorrow.
架子鼓音乐7)状语adverbial
状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。常用于表示时间、地点、原因、方式、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随、程度等。
Last night she didn’t go to the party becau of the rain.
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.
偶像万岁He has greatly improved his spoken English by practicing day after day.
I must work harder in order to catch up with others.
句子成分练习题
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词
①Confidence is the key to success.
②There is an old man coming here.
新员工转正申请表③This uful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④Playing football in the street is dangerous.
