西方文明史参考题
I.名词解释:(每卷5题,每题4分)
Civis the Aegean Sea Pericles
the Etruscans Antony colere
Hector ostracism .imperium Cleopatra social pluralism Achilles
.Megara Latium Pompey reprentative bodies Odysus Aeschylus
patrician princeps the classical legacy Hellenic Aristophanes plebeian
the Principate individualism Acropolis
Myron Romulus imperator
western Christianity Helots Xerxes
fasces Cicero European languages Areopagus Thucydides tribune
Ovid Semites archon
Herodotus decemvirs Livy
paration of spiritual and temporal authority agora Brutus and Cassius the Parthenon consul pontifex maximus Mesopotamia Solon Plato
equestrian amphitheate Helladic period ephor Socrates .Hannibal
Roman rotunda oligarchy yeomen
Diogenes grmmaticus Apostolic Succession the Ionians Draconian the Peripatos populares Pantheon the Dorians Pisistratus Constitution of the Athenians optimates
the Eucharist Crete Zeus
Philip of Macedon Laocoon the Ostrogoths
the Minoans Apollo Elements of Geometry Marius the Visigoth Agamemnon Poidon Archimedes .novus homo tetrarchy Troy Hera
古代诗歌四首Sulla Nero the V ulgate
Greek Dark Ages Athena Graeco-Roman tradition Spartacus
II.简答题(每卷3题,每题10分)
Hat is civilization?
Why was Cimon ostracized?
How did the Romans treat the conquered after the conquest of Italy?
What is the difference between culture and civilization?
Explain the Delian League.
What was education like in the early centuries of the Roman Republi
Do you think the city plays a vital role in the development of civilization?
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Explain the Thirty Y ears’ Peace.
Why did Sulla march with his troops on Rome?
What are some of the theories of civilization?
How did Athens form the Athenian Empire?
How did Crassus achieve his political eminence in Rome?
Why did Western civilization u to be called Western Christendom?
How did the democracy work during the period of the Athenian Empire?
特殊符号情侣网名Comment on the formation of the First Triumvirate.
What basis did the tradition of the rule of law lay in Western civilization?
Who were the main competitors for leadership of the Greek world after the Great Peloponnesian War.
On what powers did Gaius Julius Caesar’s supreme political position rest?
Can you trace back to the roots of Western civilization?
Comment on the Sophists
Why was Gaius Julius Caesar assassinated?
Explain classical civilization.
Explain the Hippocratic Oath.
What implications did Octavian’s title “Augustus” carry?
What do we call Mycenaean?
Talk about the difference between the Academy and the Lyceum.
How did Octavian become Rome’s first emperor?
Comment on Draco’s laws.
Explain the Hellenistic Age.
Comment on the last century of the Roman Republic and the Augustan Age as the high point of Roman culture. Explain Iliad and Odysy.
Comment on Alexander the Great.
Explain Aeneid.
Explain Iliad and Odysy.
Comment on Alexander the Great.
.Explain Aeneid.
What were Homer’s gods like?
Explain the heliocentric theory.
Explain the Day of Judgement.
Define the concept of polis.
Explain the curiate asmbly
Explain Sermon on the Mount.
Explain the hoplite phalanx.
Explain the centuriate assmbly.
How did Rome become a center of the early Christian Church?
Explain the Peloponnesian League.
Comment on the power of consulship during the early Roman Republic.
Describe and comment on what happened between Ambro (bishop of Milan) and Emperor Theodosius in 390. Why is Clisthenes called the father of Athenian democracy?
Explain the Twelve Tables.
Comment on the Athanasians and the Arians.新锦江娱乐
In what tradition were the modern Olympic Games originated?
What were the basic responsibilities of the office of praetor?
Explain the Latin Doctors.
Explain the cult of Delphian Appolo.
How was democracy defined in Greek terms?
What role did the Roman Senate play when Gaius Julius Caesar was in power?
.Explain the cult of Dionysus.
Comment on the slavery in classical Greece.
On what powers did Gaius Julius Caesar’s supreme political position rest?
Explain the Orphic cult
What was the aftermath of the Greek victory over the Persians in the Persian wars
Why was Gaius Julius Caesar assassinated?
III.论述题:(每卷2题,每题25分)
Why do you think civilization is inparable from culture?
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What was “the struggle of the orders”? What methods did plebeians u to get what they wanted?
What makes the West western?春花秋月的意思>粉肠的做法大全
How was Roman society different after “the struggle of the orders” ended?
Comment on the foundations of Western civilization in the ancient world.
Why did Romans and Carthaginians clash in the First and Second Punic Wars?
How do your view the influence of Western civilization and culture on the modern world?
What problems did the Roman victory in the Punic Wars create for Rome?
Comment on the generally accepted view that Western civilization was originated in classical civilization. Until 265 B.C. what were the motives for and stages in the expansion of Roman territory?
Why did the Greeks consider the polis a unique and valuable institution?
How was Rome able to conquer and control Italy?
Comment on the period of reconstruction and reorganization from Diocletian to Constantine.
How did the fundamental political, social, and economic institutions of Athens and Sparta compare about 500 B.C.? How did Rome’s desires for curity, w ealth, power, and fame shape its relations with Greece and Asia Minor in the cond century B.C.?
Comment on Sparta’s unique forms of government and society about 500 B.C.
What social, economic, and political problems did Italy have in the cond century B.C.?
Why did the ancient Greeks develop a system of the city-state, not form a unified country?
What reform program did the Gracchi brothers wanted to implement in Rome in the cond century B.C. and why did it fail?
What is the significance of the Homeric epics?
To what extent was th e Roman Republic d estroyed by ambitious generals who loved power more than Rome itlf? Comment on Homeric society.
How did Augustus alter Rome’s constitution and government?
Comment on the religion and Olympian gods in archaic Greece?
What solutions did Augustus provide for the problems that had plagued the Roman Republic?
Why did the Greeks and Persians go to war in 490 and 480 B.C. and why were the Greeks able to defeat the Persians?
Why were the Roman people willing to accept Augustus as their head of state?
Why did Athens and Sparta come to blows in the Great Peloponnesian War?
How did the literature in the Golden Age of Augustus differ from that of the Silver Age during the first and
Second centuries A.D.?
What was e ach side’s strategy for victory in the Great Peloponnesian War?
What contributions did the poetry of V ergil and Horace make to the stabilization of Augustus’s imperial system of government?
In what ways were the tensions that characterized Greek life in the Classical Period reflected in its art, literature, and philosophy
Discuss the early development of Christianity in Rome.
How does Hellenistic art differ from that of the Classical Period?
Why were Christians at first percuted by Roman authorities?
How and why did Philip II conquer Greece between 359 and 338 B.C.?
What enabled Christians to acquire enormous popularity by the fourth century A.D.?
What were the major conquences of the early death of Alexander the Great?
How did Christianity emerge as the state religion in Rome?世界七大奇迹
Comment on Alexander the Great as a promoter of Greek civilization.