Lesson 3 The big bull market大牛市 by Frederick Lewis Allen
大牛市气数已尽。数十亿美元的实际利润和账面收益，就这样灰飞烟灭。不管是杂货店老板、玻璃清洁工还是裁缝师傅，各色人等眼看着资产付诸东流。全国每个城镇都有那么几户人家，往日富庶得意，而今债台高筑。以前人们纷纷投资，梦想退休后可以靠投资收益安度晚年，可如今却发现，自己又回到创富之路的起点，不得不重新奋斗。报纸上，关于自杀的报道每天都有，令人扼腕。
古里奇和胡佛时代的经济繁荣，还没有完全结束，但也为时不远。恐慌情绪使得许多问题浮出水面。以往人们没有注意到这些问题，即便注意到，也被淹没在股市的乐观情绪中了。就像毒药，一旦某个重要器官无法正常工作，就开始渗透人体。这些问题，也开始影响实体经济。尽管银行信用收缩，经纪人贷款冻结数目已达三十亿，尽管联邦储备银行又降低了折扣利率，尽管国内的大型银行和企业在危机中并没有伤筋动骨，起到一定的激励作用，但是无论怎样，经济生活中的毒药还没有祛除：资本投放过度，商业扩张的野心太大，分期消费和股市收益消费的刺激，使得商品过度生产，许多商品的价格人为保持高位，还有欧洲贸易的萧条。无论有多少支持复杂金融交易的人叫嚷着形势大好，无论总统怎么通过温言细语和白宫会议来积极着手修复经济创伤，一场严重的经济萧条已经无可避免。
事情到此还没完。所谓繁荣，并不仅仅指经济形势，也指人们的心理。大牛市并不仅仅只是商业循环中的顶峰，也是美国大众心理和感情变化的顶峰。无论是男是女，每一个美国人的人生态度都在某种程度上受到大牛市的影响。同样，如今希望破碎的过程如此突然而又残酷，每一个美国人也无法幸免。大牛市不复存在，繁荣的世道也渐行渐远，美国人很快就会发现，他们所面对的是一个变革的世界。这个世界需要新的调整，新的理念，新的思维习惯，以及新的价值体系。人们的心理环境在改变，美国人生活中不断变化的各种方式，正在转向新的道路。 战后十年划上了尾声。一个时代就此结束。
1. 1) For whom is the author writing? Economists, government officials, or tho who are interested in finance, business, or social history.
2) Where might he have changed his diction?
He might drop technical terms, such as body economic, liquidation, brokers' loans, rediscount, etc., and add some explanations to the inescapable technical terms.
1. What is he attempting to do in this lection?
Help people cope with the bad situation. Learn from the mistakes of the past, thereby live a better life in the future. Uncover the artificiality of The Big Bull Market. Cheer up the people in the Great Depression.
2. Identify the echoes.
The echoing words are: Dead, disappeared, lost, dropped, debt, and suicide
3. 1) How does P2 carry on the restatement?
In the cond paragraph, the writer carries on the restatement, using dead and dying.
2) Where does this simile appear?
And the simile as poisons reappears in the third ntence: … the poisons were there
4. 1) Where does the writer qualify his topic idea?
In the third ntence, the writer carefully qualifies his topic idea: Although … real encouragement.
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2) What words repeat his qualification?
In the last ntence, he repeats it by saying “No matter … conferences …”
健腹轮怎么用3) Which repeat the main subject of economic disaster?
He restates disaster, using 'damage', 'depression.'
4) What signals writer return to the main point? 'Nevertheless'
5. 1) Top ntence and key words of P3
The cond ntence of Paragraph 3 is the topic ntence. 'A state of mind'
2) What terms repeat the meanings of key words?活动教学
'Mass thinking' and 'mass emotion' repeat the idea. It echoes in each ntence of the paragraph: attitude toward life, hope, new adjustments, new ideas, new habits of thought, new order of values, psychological climate.
6. 安定是什么药Compare the last paragraph with the opening ntence.
The last word of the opening ntence of this article is 'dead'. In the last paragraph, the author us the words 'clo' and 'end' to echo the word 'dead' in both n and rhythm. So the author's idea has come full circle.
7. 1) Of ven syllables, how many are stresd?
Of the ven words in the first ntence, four are stresd.
2) What is their effect?
The three successive stress are 'big bull market.' The effect is strong, shocking, rhythmical and emphatic, indicating a sharp contrast with the following word 'dead.'
3) What happens to the rhythm and emphasis?
夸夸其谈是什么意思If we substitute 'colossal' for 'big, the effect will be less strong, the rhythm spoiled, the emphasis weakened.
8. How important are the words to the meaning of the paragraph?
The writer arous a strong pensive feeling in the reader. On the other hand, the mirable phenomena are the cold facts, and by listing them together, the reader gets a concrete idea of the situation. So the topic idea of the paragraph is more forcibly expresd; therefore, the argument is more persuasive and convincing.
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9. 1) Analyze the repetition of ideas and constructions in paragraph 1
In the first paragraph, the last word of each ntence restatement the same idea. The ntences are all in S + V + O pattern.
2) Where el is the pattern of that ntence repeated?
In Paragraph 3, the cond and the third ntence have the same structure: Prosperity – Big Bull Market; more than – more than; economic condition – business cycle; a state of mind – mass thinking and mass emotion.
10. Look up
bull market: the rising stock market amstress: a woman who job is wing
affluence: wealth impact: influence, strong effect 电力施工
医药行业分析liquidation: the ttlement of a debt commodity: goods, as article of trade
stimulus: something that caus activity proclaim: declare officially
climax: the highest point of a development
