Lecture 3第三讲6招巧做事实细节题
事实细节题主要测试考生对文章中某项事实内容的辨认和理解，如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果等。
事实细节题可大致分为三类：一类是细节辨认类，答案几乎是原文中某处细节内容的再现，在句式和用词上变化不大；另一类是同义转述类，答案是对原文中某处内容的转述，在句式和用词上都有较大变化；还有一类是细节归纳类，答案是根据原文中某两处或两处以上的细节内容归纳总结得出。从四级考试历年真题来看，篇章阅读主要考查的是后两类事实细节题。 常见题干表现形式如下： According to the passage, it is that… According to the passage, the best solution to…is . According to the passage, the problem of…partly aris from . The author describes… as… becau .解答事实细节题，常用的解题招术如下：
第一招：根据题干关键词语在原文中定位根据题干中的人物、地点、时间、陈述对象等关键词语先在原文中定位，然后再根据原文内容进行选择。第二招：只读题目出处内容在原文中定位题目出处以后，要仔细阅读题目出处的细节内容，而对文中其他内容只需一掠而过，无需深入理解。第三招：注意题目与原文的转换在定位题目出处和选择答案时，要注意识别和
理解题干和选项对原文内容的转述表达，这样才能快速而准确地定位信息点并选出答案。第四招：识别细微之处的干扰事实细节题是针对文中的细节内容而设置的，因此干扰选项经常被设计成只在非常细微的地方与原文不同。因此，在解答这类题目时，要将四个选项与原文一一仔细对照，识别细微差别，排除干扰项。第五招：过于绝对的选项为答案的可能性较小一般来说，含有模糊性的概括词语，如some，sometimes，certain，someone，more… than，(not)as … as …，less，probably，possible等的选项为答案的可能性较大；而含有绝对含义较强的词，如only，everything，all，none，must，never，always，alone，everyone，entirely，absolute，any，no，completely等的选项为答案的可能性较小。第六招：符合一般规律的选项为答案的可能性较大篇章阅读题中，尤其是议论文体中，符合一般规律、意义深刻、富有哲理的选项为答案的可能性较大；而那种明显不符合大众思维、违背常理的选项为答案的可能性较小。
即讲即练
妇什么皆知
Exerci 1
Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education.
As colleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College of New Jery nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state. “All I hear in higher education is, brand, brand, brand,” said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm bad in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations. “There has been a a change over the last 10 years. Marketing ud to be almost a dirty word in higher education.” Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of cour. In 1997, the New School for Social Rearch became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School. Now, after spending an undisclod sum on an online survey and a marketing consultants creation of “naming structures”, “brand architecture” and “identity systems”, the university has come up with a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos, banner
s, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the New School”. Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco. Beaver College turned itlf into Arcadia University in 2001 for veral reasons: to break the connection with its past as a womens college, to promote its growth into a fullfledged(完全成熟的) university and officials acknowledged, to eliminate some jokes about the colleges old name on latenight television and “morning zoo” radio shows. Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia, in addition to the ri in applications, the average students test score has incread by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman, said. 春节的习俗英语
［381 words］
1. According to Tim Westerbeck, colleges or universities changing their names to compete for market share .
［A］ is inadvisable
［B］ is actually a marketing strategy
［C］ reflects they dont pay much attention to their inner quality
［D］ has positive influence on the development of higher education
2. What changes does the name “College New Jery” reflect, according to the passage?
［A］ The college has more market share than before.
［B］ There is no difficulty to enter the college for most applicants.
［C］ The colleges scope of student recruitment is enlarged.
［D］ The college becomes more famous than ever before.
3. The name changing from Cal State, Hayward to Cal State, East Bay shows .
［A］ how a university is perceived by the society
［B］ that the university wants to expand its influence
［C］ that the university wants to project a new image
［D］ the obvious change in universitys lfawareness 4. Why does the author say the ca of New School for Social Rearch changing its name is a failure?
什么叫做电商［A］ Its new name does not coincide with what it can offer.
［B］ People do not accept its new name.
［C］ Its new name does not attract peoples attention to it.
别路［D］ Its new name does not stand for a new image.
5. According to Juli Roebeck, the name change of Beaver College .
［A］ turns out very successful［B］ fails to attain its goal
［C］ has eliminated some jokes［D］ has transformed its status
Exerci 2
Despite a cooling of the economy, high technology companies are still crying out for skilled workers. The Information Technology Association of America projects that more than 800,000 technology jobs will go unfilled next year. The lack of qualified workers pos a huge threat to the U.S. economy. The most commonly cited reason for this state of affairs is that the countrys agrarianage education system, parated from the needs of the business world, fails to prepare students in the primary and condary grades for twentyfirstcentury work. Yet an inadequate and outmoded education system is only part of the problem. A less tangible but equally powerful cau is an antique classification system that divides the workforce into two camps: whitecollar knowledge workers and bluecollar manual laborers. Bluecollar workers emerged in the United States during the Industrial Age as work migrated from farms to factories. Whitecollar office workers became a significant class in the twentieth century, outnumbering their bluecollar brethren by midcentury. But the white or blue paradigm has clearly outlived its utility. Corporations increasingly require a new layer of knowledge
钟离春worker: a highly skilled multidisciplinarian who combines the mind of the whitecollar worker with the hands of the bluecollar employee. Armed with a solid grounding in mathematics and science (physics, chemistry, and biology), the “goldcollar” workers — so named for their contributions to their companies and to the economy, as well as for their personal earning ability — apply that knowledge to technology. Of cour, the goldcollar worker already exists in a wide range of jobs across a wide range of business: think of the maintenance technician who tests and repairs aircraft systems at American Airlines; the network administrator who manages systems and network operations at P&G; the advancedmanufacturing technician at Intel. But until American business recognizes the people as a new class of worker, one who collar is neither blue nor white, demands that schools do a better job of preparing employees for the twentyfirstcentury workforce will be futile.［326 words］
1. What effects may the insufficiency of qualified workers have, according to the passage?mess
［A］ It decreas the costs of high technology companies.
［B］ It emphasizes the importance of unfilled jobs.
［C］ It hinders the development of the U.S. economy.
［D］ It accelerates the collap of the old education system.
2. According to the passage, what leads to the lack of qualified workers in the U.S.?
望湖楼醉书古诗
［A］ The disadvantages of the agrarianage education system.
［B］ The shortage of work opportunities due to the declining economy.
［C］ The cooling of American economy.
［D］ Both the education system and the workforce classification.
3. The goldcollar workers differ from their whitecollar and bluecollar counterparts in that they .
［A］ do better in combining their contributions and earning ability
