H-O model
The conclusion
is that a nation will export the commodity who production requires the intensive u高中英语必修三单词表 of the nation’s relative abundant and cheap factor and import the commodity who production requires the intensive u of the nation’s relatively scarce and expensive factor. In short, the relatively labor-rich nation exports the relatively labor-intensive commodity and imports the relatively capital-intensive commodity.考试质量分析报告
the cau
is that different countries have different factor endowments, and different products produced need different factor intensities. So each country will get the comparative advantage in production of the certain product.
factor intensity西柏坡旅游
It measures the input ratio of product factors in the production
factor abundance
It measures the relative abundance of one nation’s economic resources.
Factor - Price Equalization
international trade will cau the prices of homogeneous factor to be the same in all trading nations
Specific-Factors Model
an increa in the return of specific factor ud to produce the nation’s export commodity
)a reduction in the return of specific factor ud in the nation’s import-competing industry
the results in the return of the mobile factor is not clear.
Stolper-Samuelson Theorem
Free trade reduces the real income of the nation’s relatively scarce and expensive factor
and increas the real income of its relatively abundant and cheap factor.
壶口瀑布在哪
The Leontief Paradox
U.S. import substitutes were more K-intensive than U.S. exports.
This is contrary to the H-O trade model, which predicts that, as the most K-abundant nation, the United States should import L-intensive products and export K-intensive products
Terms of trade贸易条件：the ratio of the price of its export commodity to the price of its import commodity
the average behavior of consumption expenditure does change fairly regularly with income, that is Engel Effect
ngel Law ：the expenditure proportion of food will be less and less with the income increasing.
the Rybczynski Theorem
If a nation produces only two commodities，at constant prices, an increa in the endowment of one factor will increa the output of the commodity intensive in that factor and will reduce the output of the other commodity.
Dutch Dia the increa in the production of X will lead to the decline of Y
嘚瑟是什么意思Immirizing growth
It is the situation where a nation’s terms of trade deteriorate so much as a result of growth that the nation is wor off after growth than before, even if growth without trade tends to improve the nation’s welfare.
Economies of Scale
the output grows proportionally more than the increa in inputs of production
Internal economies of scale refer to the reduction in the average costs of production as th
e firm’s output expands
External economies of scale refer to the reduction in each firm’s average costs of production as the entire industry output expands.
惊蛰的特点Price Discrimination
refers to the situation that monopoly or monopolistic competition垄断竞争 corporations regulate调节different price in different markets or to different consumers when they ll the same products. It is called “Dumping” in international trade
公主裙怎么画Dumping is possible under three conditions:
imperfect competition
market division 市场是分割的
different demand elasticity in different market 在不同市场上需求弹性不同 (Df ＞Dh)
overlapping demand theory
trade in manufactures is likely to be the largest among countries with similar tastes and income levels.
李元妮If their incomes and tastes are similar, they would consume the same kind of commodities. So there would be some trade among them.
Infant industry幼稚产业: An industry in which there is a potential advantage in the future, but becau lack of know-how and the initial small level of output, will not be t up or, if already started, cannot successfully compete with more established foreign firms.
Infant-industry Protection Theory
Temporary trade protection is needed to establish and protect the domestic industry during its "infancy" until it can meet foreign competition, achieve economies of scale, and reflect the nation's long-run comparative advantage.
Generalized System of Preferences
the products exported from the developing countries or districts to the developed countries are gained the general, non—discriminative and irreciprocal 普遍、非歧视、非互惠preferential tariff优惠关税 , especially finished products and mi-manufactures.
