摘要
科技水平、生产率、劳动力成本和其他因素正在年复一年地细微地改变着“全球制造业出口竞争力”图谱，而当前下新一代技术和产业革命风潮的中心地带就是以工业机器人为代表的智能制造领域。从理论来看，工业机器人的应用将工人从繁杂而又危险的底层工作中解放出来，给劳动力重塑人力资本提供了机会；同时高精度的机械化运用有利于提升企业的生产效率和产品技术含量，从而进一步提升制造业出口竞争力。但从实践上看，由于不同国家工业机器人研发水平的差异，大部分国家的工业机器人应用仍旧依赖进口引进，因而导致工业机器人的成本相对昂贵；同时在不同技术密度的行业，工业机器人的应用水平存在差异，在钢铁、石化、汽车等行业自动化水平较高，但在服装制造等行业仍然需要较多低端劳动力。因此，工业机器人的应用是否能真正提升制造业的出口竞争力有待考证。
本文通过对已有文献进行梳理发现，在关于工业机器人应用的研究中，相关研究主要集中在工业机器人应用对制造业企业绩效方面、劳动力就业等方面的影响，少有学者进一步研究过工业机器人应用与出口竞争力的关系。在关于制造业出口竞争力的研究中，学者大多还是从技术创新、劳动力成本、金融发展等因素分析对出口竞争力影响机制。工业机器人的应用本身也是一项自动化技术的引入与推广，因此可从由此着手分析工业机器人应用影响制造业出口竞争力的理论机制。具体地，本文认为工业机器人的应用，本质上是通用性技术（General Purpo Technology，GPT）的推广与应用，因而具有渗透性和替代性，渗透性和替代性可以分别带来人力资本积累效应和研发激励效应，并通过这些机制提升制造业出
口竞争力。
在实证方面，本文采用跨国面板数据来验证工业机器人应用对制造业出口竞争力的影响。同时本文也通过中介效应检验影响的机制和渠道，再通过分样本检验的方法检验稳健性。主要得到如下结论：从整体上看，工业机器人的应用有助于提升制造业出口竞争力。其中，工业机器人的应用是通过人力资本积累效应和研发激励效应提升了制造业出口竞争力。另外，本文发现制造业行业技术密度越大，则工业机器人应用对其出口竞争力的正向作用更为显著。因此，政府应在推广工业机器人的同时，着力同步提升整体的人力资本水平，对不同类型的劳动力分类进行引导教育，助力企业理清智能制造的商业模式，鼓励企业提升技术改造的资金投入能力，循序渐进地推动提高出口竞争力。
关键词：工业机器人；出口竞争力；通用技术
Abstract
Echnology level, productivity, labor cost and other factors are subtly changing the map of "global manufacturing export competitiveness" year after year. Automation and intelligence reprented by industrial robots are the core of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution currently in full swing. From the theoretical point of view, the application of industrial robots will help promote the transformation of intelligent manufacturing and enhance the export com
petitiveness of the manufacturing industry through promoting technological progress, improving labor quality, improving production efficiency and other channels. However, in practice, due to the differences in the development level of different economies, there are still many shortcomings such as the relatively high price of industrial robots, the lack of management concepts and skills, and the shortage of highly skilled personnel, so it remains to be en whether the application of industrial robots can really improve the export competitiveness of manufacturing industry.
Through sorting out the existing literature, we found that in the rearch on the application of industrial robots, the relevant rearch mainly focud on the impact of the application of industrial robots on the performance of manufacturing enterpris, labor force employment and other aspects, and few scholars have studied the relationship between the application of industrial robots and export competitiveness. In the rearch on export competitiveness of manufacturing industry, scholars mostly analyze the influencing mechanism of export competitiveness from technological innovation, labor cost, financing cost and other factors. The application of industrial robot itlf is also the introduction and promotion of automation technology. Therefore, the theoretical mechanism of the influence of industrial robot application on the export competitiveness of manufacturing industry can be analyzed from this perspectives. Specifically, this paper holds that the application of i
ndustrial robots is esntially the promotion and application of universal technology, so it has permeability and substitution, which can create human capital accumulation effect and r&d incentive effect respectively, and improve the export competitiveness of manufacturing industry through the channels.
In the empirical aspect, this paper u transnational panel data to verify the influence of
industrial robot application on export competitiveness of manufacturing industry. At the same time, this paper also tested the robustness by replacing the core explanatory variables and testing by sample, and then tested the mechanism and channels of influence by intermediary effect. The main conclusions are as follows: The application of industrial robots helps to improve the export competitiveness of manufacturing industry. Among them, it is found that the higher the technology density of manufacturing industry is, the more significant the positive effect is on its export competitiveness. Meanwhile, the application of industrial robots improves the export competitiveness of manufacturing industry through the effect of human capital accumulation and R&D incentive. Therefore, while promoting industrial robots, the government should pay attention to matching the national human capital level with the technological level, helping enterpris to clarify the business model of intelligent manufacturing, improve the capital investment capacity of technological transfor
mation, improve the data collection of enterpris, and gradually promote the competitiveness of industrial exports.
Keywords: Industrial robots; Export competitiveness; General Purpo Technology
目录
北宋官制摘要....................................................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................ II 目录................................................................................................................................................................ IV 1 绪论.. (1)
1.1 选题背景和研究意义 (1)
1.2 研究内容和研究方法 (2)
1.2.1 研究内容 (2)
1.2.2 研究方法 (3)
1.3 本文的创新和不足之处 (4)
2 国内外文献综述梳理 (4)
2.1 工业机器人应用研究综述 (4)
2.1.1 工业机器人应用的内涵和动因 (4)
2.1.2经济学视角工业机器人应用的相关研究 (5)
2.1.3 工业机器人应用对制造业发展影响的相关研究 (6)
2.2 制造业出口竞争力研究综述 (7)
2.2.1 出口竞争力的涵义 (7)
2.2.2 出口竞争力测算研究 (8)
2.2.3 制造业出口竞争力的影响因素 (12)
2.3文献评述 (13)
3 工业机器人应用影响制造业出口竞争力的理论机制 (14)
3.1工业机器人技术的渗透性和替代性 (14)
3.2 工业机器人应用渗透性带来的研发激励效应 (14)
雷雨发庄稼3.3 工业机器人应用替代性带来的人力资本积累效应 (15)
4 现状分析 (17)
发字开头成语4.1 全球工业机器人的发展历程 (17)
4.2 全球工业机器人应用和贸易状况 (18)
4.3 样本国家出口竞争力情况 (20)
月季花扦插时间和方法
5 实证设计 (22)
5.1 模型设定 (22)老师英文怎么写
秋天的风景作文>孔子资料
5.2 变量选取和测算指标 (22)
5.3 数据来源 (25)
6 实证分析 (26)
6.1 描述性统计 (26)
6.2 实证结果与分析 (26)
6.2.1 基准回归结果 (26)
6.2.2 机制检验 (28)
6.2.3 分样本检验结果 (30)
7 结论及政策建议 (32)
7.1 结论 (32)
九寨沟旅游7.2 政策建议 (33)
7.2.1 国家宏观层面 (33)
7.2.2 企业微观层面 (34)
参考文献 (35)
致谢 (40)
