如何正确使用名词性从句的引导词

更新时间:2023-06-18 19:19:13 阅读: 评论:0

如何正确使用名词性从句的引导词
罗定市廷锴纪念中学  莫惠芬
在英语学习中名词性从句的掌握是一大难点,而名词性从句的引导词在高考中是常见的考点。如何正确使用名词性从句的引导词呢?这需要我们掌握各引导词的特点和用法,结合分析从句的句子成分,那么做题时就能得心应手。
    一、明确引导词的句法功能和作用
儿童节快乐英语
名词性从句就是具有名词性特点的从句。它包括主语、宾语、同位语以及表语从句,掌握名词性从句首先需要掌握它的引导词。引导名词性从句的连接词分为三部分类,即连接代词、连接副词、以及连词。
连接代词有no brawhat whatever which whichever who whoever whom whomever who
假期计划英语作文连接副词有why when where how等。
连词有that whether if
1what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么……?”的问题, 也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思, 这种特殊用法在语法上被称作“关系代词型的what”, 注意体会如下例句:
1 表示“……的人,相当于the person that…。
He is not what (=the person that) he was a few years ago.
他不是几年前的他了。
2 表示“……的地方,相当于the place that…。
This is what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City.
这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。
3 表示四级作文范文“……的数目,相当于the amount/number that…。
Our income is now double what (=the income that) it was ten years ago.
我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。
4 what的这种特殊含义可以根据句子的意思在翻译时灵活处理,不可千篇一律。
The color of the flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning. 花朵(现在的)颜色与它早上的颜色不同。
2 whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句,其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任何人或物”等。如:
Whoever wants to e this film can go with us tonight.
无论谁想看这部电影, 今晚都可以和我们一起去。
You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票给任何你想给的人。 All the books are here. You may borrow whichever (book) you like.
所有的书都在这儿, 你愿借哪本就借哪本。
I’ll do whatever you ask me to do. 你叫我做什么, 我就做什么。
3. that引导名词性从句时后面接完整的陈述句, that只起引导名词性从句的作用而不充当该名词性从句中的具体成分; 引导宾语从句时that常可省略, 但引导主语从句、 表语从句、 同位语从句时that通常不被省略。例如:
  She hoped (that) he would arrive on time. 她希望他按时到达。(宾语从句)
  That she was chon made us very happy. 她被选中了让我们很开心。(主语从句)
  I have the belief that I will succeed. 我怀有必胜的信念。(同位语从句)
注意:that what引导名词性从句的区别在于: that在其引导的名词性从句中不充当任何成分,但除在宾语从句中外一般不能省掉。 what需要在其引导的名词性从句中充当主语、 宾语、 表语或者定语, 而且引导名词性从句的what在任何情况下都不能省略。例如:
That he will succeed is obvious.
显然, 他会成功。(引导主语从句的that不在其中充当具体的句子成分)
What she told me is not true. 缺点英文
她所告诉我的都不是真的。(what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语)
4. whetherif均可以引导表示“是否”之意的名词性从句, whetherif均不在这种名词性从句中充当具体的句子成分。在引导宾语从句时whetherif一般可以互换, 但在引导主语从句、 表语从句、 同位语从句、 介词后的宾语从句、 放于句首的宾语从句或者名词性从句中包含or (not) 时通常只能用whether作引导词。即whether可以引导任何一种名词性从句,但if却只能引导动词后的宾语从句。例如:
I don’t know if/whether I can help you. 我不知道我能否帮助你。(宾语从句) Whether we can really help you, I dont know yet.
我们是否真的能帮助你, 我还不知道。(位于句首的宾语从句)
The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girl’s feelings.
老师为是否伤害了那女孩的感情而担心。(介词后的宾语从句)
The question is whether they can cooperate with us.
问题是他们能否与我们合作。(表语从句)
The question whether he should come himlf or nd a substitute must be decided upon. 他该亲自来还是派人替他来,too big to fail 这个问题必须定下来。(同位语从句)
The little girl asked her father whether she should go to the party or not.
那女孩问她的父亲她应不应该参加这个晚会。(包含or not的宾语从句)
  注意: 肯定形式的doubt后面通常接whether/if引导的宾语从句, 否定形式的doubt后面通常接that07年高考作文引导的宾语从句, 例如: I doubt whether ithow manys true. 我怀疑它是否是真实的。// I doubt if that was what he wanted. 我怀疑那是否是他所想要的。// I don’t doubt that you are honest. 我不怀疑你的诚实。// She never doubted for a moment that she was right. 她对自己是正确的这一点从不怀疑。
.
  5. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语。如:
    The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。
    When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天
    Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。
4. why 与 becau 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调的原因。如
    I had a cold. That’s why I didn't come. 我感冒了,因此我没来。
    I didn’t come. That’s becau I had a cold. 我没有来,那是因为我感冒了。
二、应对策略:
1. 名词性从句中缺主语:(指人)用valentine什么意思who; whoever (指物)用what, whatever
  缺宾语:(指人)用whom, whomever (指物)用what, whatever
2. 名词性从句已有主谓(宾),则缺状语。根据语境或需要,考虑when, where, why, how
3. 名词性从句意思完整,不缺任何成分,则用that
表疑问,用if , whether (几种情况不用If
强化练习:
1. Energy is what makes things work.
2. The question is who can complete the difficult task.
3. They lost their way in the forest and what made things wor was that night began to fall.
4. Whatimpresd me most was his great responsibility for his work.
5. Journal writers write about their travels inwhatis called a travel journal.
怎么样收缩毛孔6. whoever helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
7. I’ll give the tickets to whoever wants to go to the exhibition.
8. How Yang Liwei ate his food is what we’re curious about.
注:名词性从句缺主语或宾语多用whatwho
9. Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.
10. I wonder how you are getting on with your studies.
11. How Yang Liwei ate his food is what we’re curious about.
12. He got caught in the heavy traffic. That was why he was late.

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