初中英语形容词和副词资料教案

更新时间:2023-06-18 11:17:09 阅读: 评论:0

初中英语形容词和副词资料教案
Unit 15 (II)形容词和副词
形容词:表示人或事物的特征。形容词与其修饰语(如very等)
以及附加成分(如介词短语、than引导的比较结构)等一起构成形容词短语,在句中可用做定语、表语、宾语补足语等。形容词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。
副词:表示行为或性质的特征。副词与其修饰语(如very等)以
及附加成分(如than引导的比较结构等)一起构成副词短语,在句中用做各种状语、修饰语等,副词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。形容词和副词在句子成分中对比
一、形容词在句中可作如下成分:
1.形容词做定语:说明名词的性质和特征,通常置于名词前。
如:
prc是什么意思
at是什么意思In late winter there is always something exciting to happen.
下列情况下,形容词通常置于所修饰的名称后面:a.
修饰复合不定代词,b. afraid, alive, alone, asleep, awake.
等带前缀a-的形容词。如:
“Isthereanythingwronghere?”heasked,beingaman
always afraid for his safely.
下列形容词通常不用前置定语(只用做表语和宾语补
足语):带前缀a-的形容词;几个表示健康状况的形
容词(ill,well,unwell等),如:
The girl who was very ill was found fast asleep at night.
2.形容词作表语:形容词位于联系动词后,说明主语的性质
和特征。She is getting old.
3.宾语补足语:用于复合宾语及物动词的宾语后,说明宾语
的性质
和特征。
We found it impossible to refu his offer.
4.用作名词:下列三种形容词可加上定冠词用作名词:a.指
一类人:theold,theyoung…b.指某一民族的人:theEnglish,theFrench,theChine…c.指抽象概念:thebad,the best,the true,the worst…如:
The British always think the young shouldrespect the old.
二、副词可在句中作如下成分:
1.状语:
动词状语——说明行为发生的时间、地点、方式、程度等,在句中的位置比较灵活,常置于句末,也可置于动词前(时
间频度副词和程度副词等常如此)或句首。如:
Yesterday his youngest son went abroad.
They thought very highly of his work and rather liked him.
全句状语——说明说话者对所说内容或说话方式的评论,
或起连接上下文的作用,通常皆置于句首,后往往有逗号
与全句隔开。如:
Surely, nobody will believe what he said.
Frankly, I don’t think it’s of much u.
2.修饰语:
修饰形容词——如:almost,fairly,perfectly,pretty,quite,rather, really, so, too, very, completely, highly, nearly等,置于
形容词之前(仅enough一词除外)如:
Theboxisalittletoolongbutjustwideenoughtoputthe
dictionary in.
修饰副词——通常表示程度,如:almost,fairly,perfectly,
pretty, quite, rather, really, so, too, very等,置于副词前(仅
natorenough一词除外)如:
Hegotupquiteearly,soarrivedthereearlyenoughtoe
him before he left.
修饰介词短语——仅表示程度,如:almost,completely,
nearly, just, quite, right, well等置于介词前。如:
She looks just like her mother.
修饰名词短语——仅个别表示程度的副词(如quite,
rather)可做名词的前置修饰语,但不少表示时间、地点
的副词可做名词的后置修饰语。如:
We has rather a hard time. The hill ahead was too high.
3.其他
做表语——有的副词(如down, up, in, out, on, off, over等)
可用于联系动词后。如;
He has been down ever since he heard the bad news.
做介词宾语——有的表示时间、地点的副词可用在某些介
词后做介词宾语。如:
I had not thought riously of that till then.
形容词和副词比较级的构成:P55
1.绝大多数单音节形容词是规则变化:
如:tall----taller---tallestshort---shorter---shortest
fine---finer---finestnice---nicer---nicest
reprent
free---freer---freest
big---bigger---biggestfat---fatter---fattest
shy---shier---shiestearly---earlier---earliest
注意:有的单音节形容词不用此方式候场比较等级形式,如:fond,glad,plead,real,right,tired,wrong等。
2.许多多音节形容词(多以非重读元音结尾)nervous是什么意思
如:tidy---tidier---tidiest
narrow---narrower---narrowest
talk boxable---abler---ablest
bitter---bitterer---bitterest
学好英语的方法polite---politer---politest
quiet---quieter---quietest
注意:上面除以-y结尾的双音节词也可加more,most构成比
较等级形式,且使用更广。用做形容词的ing分词及ed
分词,不可用此方式构成比较等级形式。
3.加more,most
孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪翻译多音节形容词
handsome---more handsome---most handsome
双音节形容词
narrow---more narrow---most narrow
4.不规则形式
原级比较级最高级
goodbetterbest
bad, illworworst
频度英语farfarther(further)farther(further)
oldolder(elder)older(elder)
much, manymoremost
littlelessleast
副词的比较级:(参照形容词的比较等级)
总的规律是:通常加more/most,不多的单音节副词等加词尾-er,-est构成。
单音节fastfasterfastest
个别双音节词oftenofteneroftenest(更常加more,
most)
不规则变化wellbetterbest
badlyworworst
形容词和副词比较等级的用法:(大致相同)
1.比较级+ than:形容词或副词前可有much, far, rather, hardly,
still, even, a lot, a little, a bit, a good deal, no, any等程度修饰
语,如:
He is (even) older than she (is) (or than her).
robinson crusoeHe runs much faster than she.
2.less +比较级+ than:形容词或副词前可有much, far, a lot等
修饰词。
He is less old than she.
He runs less faster than she.
3.as+原级+as:形容词或副词前可有twice,threetimes,half,
almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite等修饰词。
He is as tall as she.
He runs as fast as she.
4.not so/as +原级+as:形容词或副词前可有twice, almost, nearly,just, exactly, quite等修饰语。
He is not so old as she.
He doesn’t run so fast as she.
5.比较级+and+比较级:“越来越…”
He is getting older and older.
He runs faster and faster.
6.The +比较级…+the+比较级:“越…就越…”
The older he is, the weaker he gets.
The faster he runs, the harder he breathes.
7.最高级的用法:形容词最高级前必须带定冠词the,而副词常
省略不用。The前可有much, far, by far, nearly, almost等或(当
最高级为加词尾-est构成时)the后可有very,cond,third
等修饰词。
He is the oldest of the three.
He runs fastest of all.
8.“most+形容词”前无定冠词(或带不定冠词a),不是最高级,most当“非常”讲。
I was most happy to go with you. It was a most joyful day.
练习:P57—58,P60--62

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