英美文学考研术语汇编
1.Aestheticism or the Aesthetic Movement（唯美主义）愿意的英文: it began to prevail in Europe at the middle of the 19th century. The theory of “art for art’s sake” was first put forward by some French artists. They declared that art should rve no religious, moral or social purpo. The two most important reprentatives of aestheticists in English literature are Walt Pater and Oscar Wilde.
2014研究生考试时间>my winter vacation2. Allegoryblindside（寓言）: a tale in ver or pro in which characters, actions, or ttings reprent abstract ideas or moral qualities, such as John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress. An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.
3. Fable（寓言）: is a short narrative, in pro or ver, that exemplifies an abstract moral thesis or principle of human behavior. Most common is the beast fable, in which animals talk and act like the human types they reprent. The fables in Western cultures derive mainly from the stories attributed to Aesop, a Greek slave of the sixth century B. C.
4. Parable（寓言）: is a very short narrative about human beings prented so as to stress analogy with a general lesson that the narrator is trying to bring home to his audience. For example, the Bible contains lots of parables employed by Jesus Christ to make his flock understand his preach.
(注意以上三个词在汉语中都翻译成寓言，但是内涵并不相同，不要搞混)
individual5. Alliteration（头韵）: the repetition of the initial consonant sounds. In Old English alliterative meter, alliteration is the principal organizing device of the ver line, such as in Beowulf.
6. Consonance is the repetition of a quence of two or more consonants but with a change in the intervening vowel, such as “live and love”.
bob hope7. Assonance is the repetition of identical or similar vowel, especially in stresd syllables, in a quence of nearby words, such as “child of silence”.
8. Allusion （典故）is a reference without explicit identification, to a literary or historical
person, place, or event, or to another literary work or passage. Most literary allusions are intended to be recognized by the generally educated readers of the author’s time, but some are aimed at a special group.
9. Ambiguity（复义性）: Since William Empson（燕卜荪） published Seven Types of Ambiguity（《复义七型》）, the term has been widely ud in criticism to identify a deliberate poetic device: the u of a single word or expression to signify two or more distinct references, or to express two or more diver attitudes or feeling.
10. Antihero（反英雄）：the chief character in a modern novel or play who character is totally different from the traditional heroes. Instead of manifesting largeness, dignity, power, or heroism, the antihero is petty, passive, ineffectual or dishonest. For example, the heroine of Defoe’s Moll Flanders is a thief and a prostitute.
汉普森
11. Antithesis（对照）：(a figure of speech) An antithesis is often expresd in a balanced ntence, that is, a ntence in which identical or similar syntactic structure is ud to express contrasting ideas. For example, “Marriage has many pains, but celibacy
wife是什么（独身生活）has no pleasures.” by Samuel Johnson obviously employs antithesis.
12. Archaism（拟古）：the literary u of words and expressions that have become obsolete in the common speech of an era. For example, the translators of the King James Version of Bible gave weight and dignity to their pro by employing archaism.
13. Atmosphere（氛围）: the prevailing mood or feeling of a literary work. Atmosphere is often developed, at least in part, through descriptions of tting. Such descriptions help to create an emotional climate to establish the reader’s expectations and attitudes.
14. Ballad暂停英文（民谣）：it is a song, transmitted orally, which tells a story. It originated and was communicated orally among illiterate or only partly literate people. It exists in many variant forms. The most common stanza form, called ballad stanza is a quatrain in alternate four- and three-stress lines; usually only the cond and fourth lines rhyme. Although many traditional ballads probably originated in the late Middle Age, they were not collected and printed until the eighteenth century.
walk the walk15. Climax：as a rhetorical device it means an ascending quence of importance. As a literary term, it can also refer to the point of greatest intensity, interest, or suspen in a story’s turning point. The action leading to the climax and the simultaneous increa of tension in the plot are known as the rising action. All action after the climax is referred to as the falling action, or resolution. The term crisis is sometimes ud interchangeably with climax.
