肺癌相关英文词汇小结
Chapter 64 Lung Cancer
肺癌
1.Lung cancer/Lung carcinomas
肺癌
2.solid tumor originating from bronchial epithelial cells
来源于支气管内皮细胞的实体肿瘤
3.Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
非小细胞肺癌
4.small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
小细胞肺癌
5.natural histories
自然病程
治疗有效
7.Lung carcinomas ari from normal bronchial epithelial cells that have acquired multiple genetic lesions and are capable of expressing a variety of phenotypes
肺癌来源于支气管上皮细胞，这些细胞在后天产生了多种基因缺陷，并且表现出多种表型。
8.Activation of protooncogenes
原癌基因激活
9.inhibition or mutation of tumor suppressor genes
抑癌基因抑制或突变
10.production of autocrine growth factors
korean
自分泌产生生长因子
细胞增殖12.malignant transformation
恶性转化
13.overexpression of c-KIT in SCLC
小细胞肺癌细胞c-KIT过表达
14.epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in NSCLC
非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体
15.affect dia prognosis
影响疾病预后
16.Cigarette smoking is responsible for ∼80% of lung cancer cas
80%的肺癌是由于吸烟导致的
暴露于呼吸道致癌物
18.asbestos
石棉
19.Benzene
苯
基因风险因素
21.history of other lung dias
其他肺部疾病病史
22.chronic obstructive pulmonary dia [COPD]
慢性阻塞性肺病
23.asthma
哮喘
24.The major cell types are SCLC (∼15%
of all lung cancers), adenocarcinoma (∼50%), squamous cell carcinoma (<30%), and large cell carcinoma.
肺癌主要的类型包括小细胞肺癌（15%），腺癌（50%），鳞癌（<30%）及大细胞肺癌。
25.The last three types are grouped together and referred to as NSCLC.
后三类（腺癌、鳞癌、大细胞癌）统称为非小细胞肺癌
26.The most common initial signs and symptoms
最常见的早期体征和症状
27.Cough
咳嗽
28.Dyspnea
呼吸困难
29.chest pain
暗示的意思胸痛
30.Discomfort
不适
31.Hemoptysis
咯血
呈现出全身症状
33.Anorexia
厌食
34.Disminated dia
转移性疾病
36.bone pain 骨痛
37.pathologic fractures condary to bone
由于骨转移造成的病理性骨折
38.liver dysfunction from hepatic involvement
肝转移造成的肝功能障碍
39.Paraneoplastic syndromes
副癌综合征
40.Cachexia
恶液质
41.Hypercalcemia
高钙血症
42.syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone cretion
抗利尿激素不当分泌综合征
43.Cushing’s syndrome.
库欣综合征
44.underlying malignancy
造成一切症状的肿瘤
45.Chest radiography
胸片（X片）
支气管内超声
计算机断层扫描（CT）
48.positron emission tomography (PET) scan
正电子发射断层扫描（PET）
49.Integrated CT-PET technology appears to improve diagnostic accuracy in staging NSCLC over CT or PET alone
相比于单纯使用CT或PET，将CT和PET
技术结合（PET-CT）可提高非小细胞肺癌的分期诊断的准确性
50.Pathologic confirmation of lung cancer is established by examination of sputum cytology and/or tumor biopsy by bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, percutaneous needle biopsy, or open-lung biopsy
肺癌可以通过以下途径进行病理诊断：痰标本的细胞学检查和/或通过支气管镜、纵膈镜、经皮细针穿刺或开胸肺活检采集的组织标本进行肿瘤活检
51.a thorough history
完整的病史
52.physical examination
体格检查
53.detect signs and symptoms of the primary tumor
监测原发肿瘤的症状和体征
企业内训课程
肿瘤的局部转移
55.ability to withstand aggressive surgery or chemotherapy
耐受积极手术或化疗的能力
56.The World Health Organizationvague
世界卫生组织
57.a TNM staging classification
TNM分期系统
nomad
58.primary tumor size and extent (T)
原发灶大小及范围
59.the regional lymph node involvement (N),
区域淋巴结浸润60.the prence or abnce of distant metastas (M)
是否存在远处转移
61.A simpler system is commonly ud to compare treatments
通常，应用另一个相对简单的分期系统来确定治疗方案
62.Stage I includes tumors confined to the lung without lymphatic spread
I期疾病包括病灶局限于肺部并且没有淋巴结转移
63.stage II includes large tumors with ipsilateral peribronchial or hilar lymph node involvement
II期疾病包括巨大肿瘤伴随同侧支气管周围或纵膈淋巴结侵犯。
64.stage III includes other lymph node and regional involvement
III期疾病包括其他淋巴结及局部侵犯。
65.stage IV includes any tumor with distant metastas
IV期疾病包括任何原发情况并伴随远处转移。
66.A two-stage classification is widely ud for SCLC
小细胞肺癌一般分为两个阶段。
67.Limited dia is confined to one hemithorax and can be encompasd by a single radiation port.
病情局限于一侧胸腔并且在一个照射野内。
68.All other dia is classified as extensive
其他的情况被归为广泛期
69.The stage of NSCLC and the patient’s comorbidities and performance status determine which treatment modalities will be ud.
非小细胞肺癌的分期、病人合并症情况以及身体状况共同决定了治疗的方式
70.The intent of treatment—curative or palliative—influences the aggressiveness of therapy
治疗的目的不同，根治性或姑息性会影响治疗的强度
71.Local dia (stages IA, IB, and IIA) is associated with a favorable prognosis.
病灶局限（IA，IB，IIA期）预后较好。
72.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and may be ud with radiation and/or adjuvant (postoperative) chemotherapy
手术是主要的治疗方法，并且可与放疗和/或辅助化疗联用。
73.Patients with locally advanced dia (stages IIB and IIIA) may undergo surgery. 局部进展期患者（IIB、IIIA期）也可采用手术治疗
74.Adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care
（对于局部进展期患者），辅助化疗是标准治疗。
75.Some centers u neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemoradiation, but this is not considered the standard of care.
一些肿瘤治疗中心，（对于局部进展期患者），应用新辅助同步放化疗，但是这并不认为是标准治疗。
76.Nonrectable locally advanced dia may be treated with both an active cisplatin-bad regimen and radiotherapy
不可切除局部进展期患者可采取铂类为基础的化疗联合放疗。
77.Four to six cycles of doublet chemotherapy with cisplatin or carboplatin plus docetaxel, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, pemetrexed, or vinorelbine are recommended as first-line palliative chemotherapy for patients with unrectable stage III or IV dia.
不可切除的III期患者或IV期患者，可选择4-6周期双药化疗作为一线姑息化疗方案：选择顺铂或卡铂联合多西他赛、吉西他滨、紫杉醇、培美曲塞或长春瑞滨之一。
78.Cisplatin-bad doublets improve survival and quality of life in this patient population as compared with best supportive care or single-agent chemotherapy
对于这类患者（不可切除的III期患者或IV期患者），与最佳支持治疗及单药化疗相比，以铂类为基础的双药方案可以延长患者生存及生活质量
79.No combination was found to be superior 上述治疗方案中，并无哪种组合证实为最优
患者对于预期毒性的耐受情况可能是选择方案的主要参考因素
81.Non-platinum-bad combination regimens (e.g., gemcitabine–paclitaxel and gemcitabine–docetaxel) are recommended as first-line therapy of advanced NSCLC in patients with a contraindication to a platinum ( cisplatin or carboplatin ) agent
五金工具英语对于对铂类（顺铂或卡铂）有禁忌的患者，非铂为基础的化疗方案（例如，吉西他滨+紫杉醇及吉西他滨+多西他赛）是进展期非小细胞肺癌的一线治疗方案
82.Bevacizumab，a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody, neutralizes vascular endothelial growth factor.
贝伐珠单抗是一个重组人源化单克隆抗体，可以中和血管内皮生长因子
83.Cetuximab，a monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular portion of the EGFR receptor
西妥昔单抗，是在EGFR受体胞外区结合的单克隆抗体
英语单词发音84.The addition of bevacizumab to carboplatin–paclitaxel is recommended in advanced NSCLC of nonsquamous cell histology in patients with no history of hemoptysis and no CNS metastasis who are not receiving therapeutic anticoagulation
进展期非鳞非小细胞肺癌，既往无咯血，且无中枢神经系统转移，目前未接受抗凝治疗的患者，推荐卡铂+多西他赛方案联合贝伐珠单抗
85.Palliative radiation therapy
姑息性放疗
86.dia-related symptoms
豆腐渣工程的意思疾病相关症状
87.SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
小细胞肺癌
88.The goal of treatment is cure or prolonged survival, which requires aggressive combination chemotherapy
（小细胞肺癌）治疗的目的是治愈或延长生存，通常需要较为强劲的联合化疗方案
89.There is no clear role for surgery in SCLC
小细胞肺癌，手术治疗的地位并不明确90.SCLC is very radionsitive 小细胞肺癌对放疗敏感
91.Radiotherapy has been combined with chemotherapy to treat limited dia SCLC.
放疗通常联合化疗用于治疗局限期小细胞肺癌
92.This combined-modality therapy prevents local tumor recurrences but only modestly improves survival over chemotherapy alone.
放化疗联合治疗可预防肿瘤局部复发，但与单独化疗相比，仅短暂延长生存期
93.is ud to prevent and treat brain metastas, a frequent occurrence with SCLC
小细胞肺癌常出现脑转移，放疗常用于预防和治疗脑转移
94.prophylactic cranial irradiation
预防性脑放疗
95.Neurologic and intellectual impairment 神经及智力损害深圳华尔街英语
96.Radiotherapy followed by combination chemotherapy is recommended for patients with symptomatic brain metastas.
对于脑转移且伴随相关症状的患者，建议化疗后进行放疗
97.Dexamethasone and anticonvulsants are also administered for symptom control and izure prevention, respectively
地塞米松和抗惊厥药常分别用于症状控制及预防癫痫重庆高考成绩查询
98.Chemotherapy with concurrent radiation is recommended for limited and extensive-dia SCLC.
对于局限期及广泛期小细胞肺癌，推荐同步放化疗
