第二单元生态旅游Ecotourism
第一篇
英译汉
Ecotourism
逡巡The ideas behind ecotourism are not new. Rooted in the conrvation and environmental movements in the United States over the past 150 years - spurred by the writings of Thoreau, Muir, and before them, Buddhist and other philosophical ideologies - ecotourism is a new application for an age-old concept of stewardship. It recognizes the interconnections of all life and the importance of maintaining a balance between human needs and tho of existing ecosystems.
last day
Perhaps Aldo Leopold's famous Land Ethic best captures the philosophical esnce of stewardship: "a thing is right when it tends to prerve the integrity, stability and beauty of the it is wrong if it does otherwi." In diversity there is stability. Ecotourism is really nothing more than the application of this philosophy to the lf-enriching discovery made possible through travel. It is a process and an ethic, not an end in itlf.
Ecotourism (often including rural tourism, heritage/cultural tourism, nature-bad tourism, and adventure/experience-bad tourism) has demonstrated growth far in excess of the so-called "mass tourism" market by posting 30% annual increas between 1995 and 2000. This increa can be compared to the 8% growth in mass tourism over the same period.
第三天英文According to the Travel Industry Association of America, over 50% of the U. S. adult traveling public ——147 million people ——have taken an "adventure" trip in their lifetime. Included on this "adventure" activity roster are camping, hiking and biking. Though a small portion of the overall tourism industry, ecotourism's profit margin tends to exceed that of mass tourism. Last year, the average ecotourism two-week package cost is $ 3,500.
Ecotourism has both the potential to change the way we view travel and to provide the means to care for our diver and rich resources. Western society (about l.2 billion people) cannot bring the remaining 5.l billion people in less developed countries up to the Western consumptive "standard of living" without exhausting the earth's resources. Ecotourism creates a situation where both the West and the less developed societies can converge toward the middle. Ecotourism is the "common ground" becau it fundamentally changes the economic dynamics of business. Ecotourism recognizes the ecological and cultural costs of doing business as well as champions "local economy",
i.e., the community becomes strong and cohesive by what's developed and sustainably managed on a local level.
As a part of the rvice industry, ecotourism promotes what Alan During, in his important book How Much is Enough? calls the "shift from material to non-material ends". This shift is the only viable way in which human demands made on the environment will not overrun the carrying capacity of the planet. is Ecotourism
is in fundamental opposition to consumption as a means to fulfillment; rather, the n of place, the excitement of experience, and the opportunity of learning become the overriding products " sold" to ecotourists. The ecotourism "products" are bad upon prerving and protecting the original cultures and environments, not upon transforming them into some Disneyland-like fantasy-world.
Increasingly, a conrvation ethic and a viable process of development have emerged from the ecotourism movement, or perhaps vice versa. The ecotourism ethic has been defined by the Ecotourism Society to mean: "responsible travel that conrves the natural environs and sustains the well-being of local people. Ecotourism offers travelers the means to assist personally and locally in the conrvation of threatened environments and to support communities directly that are eking
viable economic alternatives to cycles of poverty and environmental destruction." This non-profit organization is working to rai public support for implementing ecotourism principles and practices around the world.
雕镂The concerted effort by policy makers, business, recreation managers and organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund and Conrvation International to define and make ecotourism a mainstream practice is promising. We in the Western industrialized nations have an incredible opportunity for restorative and regenerative change through ecotourism. There ems to be little doubt that tourism will continue to grow; the most important question remains: Will it be ecologically responsible and sustainable?
The responsibility clearly rests with ourlves to care for an environmental and cultural diversity which historically we have ud merely to rve our needs - and our needs only. Ecotourism, as a model, process and ethic, offers an opportunity to put respect for our earth into practice in a way that all people can enjoy its beauty and benefits.
参考译文
生态旅游
生态旅游的理念并不新鲜，它是在梭罗、缪尔的著述、以及之前的佛教等思想体系的启发下形成的，并植根于美国150年来的野生动物和环境保护运动中，是一种对古老的资源管理概念的新的发挥。它认识到了所有生命之间的相互联系，以及维护人类需求和现荐生态系统之间的平衡的重要性。
埃尔多·利奥波德著名的《土地伦理》一书也许最能体现资源管理的哲学精髓：“凡是有利于维持生物群落的完整性、稳定性和美感的，就是正确的……凡是违背了这一点的，就是错误的。”在多样性里蕴含着稳定性。生态旅游其实也就是将这种哲学应用于能充实自我的探索发现中，而后者正是通过旅游来实现的。生态旅游本身并不是一种目的，而是一种过程，一种伦理。
生态旅游(通常包括乡村旅游、文化遗产旅游、自然风景旅游、冒险体验旅游)的增长速度远远超过了所谓的“大众旅游”市场，在1995年至2000年间，年增长率达到30%。与之相比，大众旅游市场的同期增长率为8%。
美国旅游业协会称，在美国的1. 47亿成年旅游者中，有50%以上的人曾经进行过“冒险”旅游。这种冒险活动包括野营、徒步旅行和骑自行车旅行。生态旅游虽然只占整个旅游产业的一小部分，但是它的利润率却有超过大众旅游的趋势。去年，两周生态旅游的一揽子费用平均约为3500美元。
生态旅游既可能改变我们对旅游本身的看法，也为保护我们丰富多样的资源提供了手段。西方社会有约12亿人口，维持他们的生活标准需要消耗大量的资源。要让欠发达国家的51亿人口都达到西方的“
生活标准”，必然会把地球的资源消耗殆尽。生态旅游为西方国家和欠发达国家向中等消耗标准靠拢创造了条件。它是一种“共同基础”，因为它从根本上改变了商业的经济动态棋式。生态旅游在认识到商业行为的生态和文化成本的同时，也倡导“局部经济”，通过局部的发展和可持续管理，增强局部地区的社会实力和凝聚力。
作为服务产业的一部分，生态旅游提倡的是艾伦·杜灵在其重要著作《多少才算够?》一书中所提到的“从物质追求向非物质追求的转移”。唯有如此，人类对环境的需求才不会超出地球的承受能力。生态旅游与那种靠消耗资源来获得满足的做法是格格不入的。生态旅游者所购买的最主要的“产品”实际上是对旅游地的感受、令人兴奋的体验以及学习的机会。这些生态旅游“产品”的宗旨是维护原始的文化和环境，而不是将它们改造成迪斯尼式的梦幻世界。
生态旅游正日益促进环保伦理的兴起和可行的发展方式，或者反过来说，是环保伦理和可行的发展方式促进了生态旅游。根据生态旅游协会的定义，生态旅游是“一种负责任的旅游方式，它把保护当地自然环境与维持当地人民的福利结合起来，使旅游者能够亲自参与保护当地受到威胁的自然环境，并直接支持那些正在寻求其他经济发展方式的地区，以结束贫穷和环境破坏的恶性循环。”这一非赢利性组织正在努力寻求公众支持，在世界范围内推广生态旅游的原则和实践。
一些政府决策者、商家、娱乐业经营者以及世界拜生动植物基金会和“保护国际”等组织正携手合作，
努力推广生态旅游，使之成为主流行为，他们很有希望获得成功。我们西方工业化国家正面临着一个天赐良机，通过生态旅游，让大自然得以休养生息，再现生机。毫无疑问，旅游业将继续发展。最重要的问题依然是：它是否有利于生态，能否持续发展?
unica以前，我们只知道利用环境和文化的多样性来单方面满足自己的需要，而现在，保护它们的责任无疑落在了我们自己身上。生态旅游，作为一种模式，一个过程，和一种伦理，为我们提供了一种机会，把我们对地球的尊重付诸实施，让所有人都能领略它的美丽，享受它的恩泽。
狐狸叫下载第二篇
汉译英
中国会接受生态旅游吗?
玉石村位于中国西南云南省蓝坪自治乡内。这里的村民都是普米族，尽管许多当地人简称自己是“土著人”。
玉石人对自己的文化传统引以为豪，他们重视对当地环境的保护。这里百分之九十以上的面积为森林覆盖，当地居民深知如果他们与公路网联通，他们的森林就可能遭到砍伐，而他们脆弱的文化就可能会在强大的外界影响下受到威胁3。多年来，他们选择与世隔绝，希望建立起强大、健康的社区后再
对外开放。
政府的支持对于建立强大的社区是至关重要的，然而玉石村一直没有政府工程和扶贫工作。一些村民曾试图建立一些可持续发展项目。，但都失败了。目前，最大的希望是农村信用合作社7的小额贷款项目。然而，农民们申请2000元(US $253)人民币的贷款，得提前扣除400元(US$ 51)的利息，而他们得到的只有1600元(US $202)。为了偿还贷款，他们就得每月付180元(US$ 23)，付12个月。村民们认为贷款对他们的创业于事无补。
big hero 6
一些村民认为种植收益可观的药草和长期小额贷款相结合是解决经济困难的途径。他们盘算着筹措40万元(US $50，602)资金将使村子在五年后在经济方面自给自足。但是或许还有另一条出路，即：生态旅游。
然而，村子并不具备游客期望的设施条件，如干净的盥洗室、洗衣设备与互联网。旅游专家曾考察过这里，对当地独特的文化和环境留下了深刻的印象。但是，如果玉石村想从生态旅游中获益，那么村子和村民们必须做出改变，来满足当今游客苛刻的标准。
旅游是一种可以增加原料附加值的科技，取一只普通的鸡，用当地的方法烹制，摆在饥饿的游客面前，就会看到其价值大幅上升。同样，玉石绵延的山脉，先前曾是运输和经济发展的障碍，如果村民们能够吸引来游客，就会价值连城。
在云南，有许多地方都在增加收入的同时，寻求保护环境和传统文化的途径，而这几乎总是意味着生态旅游是唯一的选择。但如果村子的条件得不到改善，许多游客就不会来，因为多数中国城市居民对乡村生活近乎恐惧。肮脏杂乱、蚊子肆虐、简陋的厕所以及不明的价格意味着许多理想的生态旅游区域无法吸引游客。
与个人无关云南首家官方认可的有机农场"位于首府昆明远郊。几年来，农场一直处于亏损状态，因为消费者无法把他们的产品和那些使用化肥和栽培转基因作物农场的产品区分开来。同样，游客很少考虑他们目的地的质量，他们只想要交通便利、风景美丽的地方。对于许多人来说，旅游不过是观光而已，它并不能大幅度改善生活质量。
绝大多数中国人对观赏自然不感兴趣，更不要说花钱来观赏自然。有些人是迫于参加政府资助的研究，但当项目经费用完，很少人还会继续下去。享受未经开发的环境，对中国人来说并不是天经地义的事。我们喜欢看有关自然的画，而不是大自然本身，喜欢一尊木雕佛像，而不是走进树木生长的森林；让我们的孩子呆在教室里接受有关荒野的教育，而不是带他们去亲身体验自然。
长野地震游客的这种态度是中国生态旅游业发展异常缓慢的原因。消费者不愿过于接近自然，所以旅游业忽视了像玉石村这样的地区。由于很少中国人愿意欣赏玉石村的美，人们通常寄希望于出手阔绰的外国游客，但是这一希望也很渺茫。有鉴赏能力的外国游客人数也在下降，而只想放纵一下自己的游客却在增加。到国外学习、分享经历的游客正在被那些纵情消费、心胸狭窄的游客所取代。
游客青睐轻轻松松的假日，中国的生态旅游因此遭受重创。四川王朗自然保护区是大熊猫的庇护所。自1996年以来，北京大学教授、熊猫专家吕植一直在推动该地区的生态旅游。但是由于缺少吸引眼球的景色，要看到大熊猫必须呆在户外，使得王朗没能得到应有的游客。26云南大概也是同样的情况。
因此，在抱怨生态旅游运营者没能吸引游客的时候，我们也许应该花点时间想想游客本身，因为如果游客不愿成为生态旅游者，那么再多的精心筹划和良好意愿都是徒劳的。
参考译文
Can China Embrace Ecotourism?
The village of Yushi is in the autonomous township of Lanping, in the southwestern Chine province of Yunnan. The villagers all belong to the Pumi ethnic group, although many locals simply refer to them as "natives".
Yushi people are proud of their cultural traditions, and emphasize the protection of the local environment, over 90% of which is covered by forest. The residents know that if they were connected to the road network, their forests could be felled and their fragile culture could be threatened under the strain of powerful external influences. For many years they have chon to remain isolated, hoping to build a strong and healthy community before opening to the outside world.orally
Government support is vital in building a strong community, but Yushi has en no official projects or poverty alleviation work. Some of the villagers tried to t up sustainable development programs, but to no effect. Currently, the best hope is the rural credit cooperative's micro-credit scheme. However, if the villagers apply for a loan of 2000 yuan (US $253), 400 yuan(US $ 51) in interest is deducted in advance and they receive only 1600 yuan ( US $202). To repay the loan they then need to make twelve monthly payments of 180 yuan (US $ 23) . Villagers regard the loans as of little u in starting their own business.
Some in the village advocate a combination of planting profitable medicinal crops and long-term micro-credit loans as the solution to the village's financial problems, and calculate that raising funds of 400, 000 yuan ( US $ 50, 602 ) would allow the village to become economically lf-sustaining in five years. But there could be an alternative: ecotourism.
However, the village does not yet have the facilities that tourists expect, such as clean toilets, washing facilities or internet access. Tourism experts have visited and were impresd by the unique local culture and environment. But if Yushi wants to benefit from ecotourism, then the village and its houholds must change to meet the demanding standards of today's tourists.
Tourism is a kind of technology that adds value to raw materials. Take a regular chicken, cook it in the local style and put it in front of a hungry tourist —and watch its value rocket. Similarly, Yushi's mountains, which were previously en as barriers to transport and thus economic development, would become priceless if the villagers could attract the ecotourists.
Many places in Yunnan are looking for ways to protect the environment and traditional culture while also raising income - and that almost always means eco-tourism is the only option. But if conditions in the villages are not improved, many tourists will simply not come, since most city-dwelling Chine attitudes to rural living border on outright fear. A lack of cleanliness and orderliness, mosquitoes, dubious toilets and unclear pricing mean that many areas ideal for eco-tourism cannot attract visitors.
Yunnan's first officially-recognized organic farm lies on the outskirts of the provincial capital Kunming. It has been making a loss for years, since consumers fail to differentiate its products from tho of farms which u chemicals and genetically-modified plants. Similarly, tourists rarely consider the quality of their destinations; they simply look for ea of access and impressive scenery. For many, tourism is simply sighteing - it's not about improving your life in any meaningful way.
The vast majority of Chine people are not interested in watching nature, much less in paying for the privilege of doing so. Some are forced to in the cour of government-funded rearch, but when the funding dries up very few continue. Enjoyment of the untamed environment is not something that comes naturally to Chine people. We prefer to look at paintings of nature, rather than nature itlf; to appreciate a wooden carving of the Buddha rather than the forest the wood grew in; and to let our children be educated about the wild in the classroom, rather than take them to experience it first-hand.
