非谓语动词
[先试做题组]
单句语法填空
1.(2015 chris rene年天津高考沪江日语词典) Having worked(work) for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule。
2.Henry can’t attend the party being held(hold) at Tom’s hou at prent becau he is preparing the speech at the party to be held(hold) at Marie’s hou tomorrow。
3.(重庆高考)The engine just won't start。 Something ems to have gone(go)wrong with it.
[再解读要点]
非谓语动词 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 | 意义 |
不定式 | in the end歌词 一般式 | to do | to be done | 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的 动作同时发生或在其后发生 |
进行式 | to be doing | | 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的 动作同时发生 |
完成式 | to have done | to have been done | 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动 词的动作之前 |
现在分词/ 动名 词 | 一般式 | doing | being done | 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生 |
现在 | | | | | 英语作文模板万能句型
分词/ 动名 | 完成式 | having done | having been done | 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词 的动作发生 |
词 | | | | |
过去 | 一般式 | done | | 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关 |
| | | | |
(2017 年江苏高考)Many Chine brands,having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market。
很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉,它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。
(北京高考)There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前,还有很多问题仍需要解决.
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ。单句语法填空
1.(2017 年北京高考)Many airlines now allow pasngers to print their boarding pass online to save(save) their valuable time.
2.(2017 年天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(2017 年北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife , ranged from butterflies to elephants。
ranged→ranging
[再解读要点]
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语,可用 so as to/ in order to 替换,但 so as to 一般不可置于句首,意为“为了;想要”。
(2016 年北京高考)To make it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.
为了便于联系我们,你最好将这张卡片放在身边.
(2)作结果状语,常表示出乎意料的结果,常用于下列结构中:only to美国大学经济学专业排名 do;enough to do(足够做……);too。.。to do..。(太……而不能……);so/such..。as to。。.(如此……以至于……)等。
(四川高考)Tom took a taxi to the airport,鄙夷only to find his plane high up in the sky。
汤姆乘出租车去了机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有:easy, difficult,hard,cheap老鼠嫁女儿故事,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,
dangerous,surprid,astonished,delighted,disappointed 等。
(辽宁高考)We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是,这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
易错警示
高考常考查 “主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中,不定式中的动词必须是及物动词;若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。
2.分词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所红磷在氧气中燃烧的现象表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
(2016 年北京高考)Ordered over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.
这些书是一个多星期以前订购的,现在有望随时到货。
(2015 年重庆高考)Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.
像古代的船员一样,鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。
[注意] 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表完成,而表示一种状态.常见的有: located (坐落于),lost(迷路的),ated(坐着的),hidden(躲着的),lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于),dresd in(穿着),tired of(厌烦的),faced with(面对着)。
(2015 年天津高考)Absorbed in painting,列侬之死John didn't notice evening approaching.
由于专心绘画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
3.独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generally speaking 一般来说;frankly speaking 坦白地说;judging from/by。。。根据……来判断;considering.。./taking。.。into consideration 考虑到……;to netanttell you the truth 说实话; compared to/with 与……相比。
Judging from his accent,he is from Hong Kong.