雾霾天气注意事项⾼考英语完形填空⾼频词汇(2)
⾼考完形填空的获得⾼分的技巧
1. 跳读⾸尾句进⾏预测
⼀般来讲，⾼考完形填空的⾸、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若⾸句交代了when, where, who, what，即四个W，那么就是记叙⽂，很可能就是⼀个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能⼒，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出⼈意料，耐⼈寻味；若⾸句是提出或解释说明某事物，⼀般来说是说明⽂；若⾸句提出⼀个论点，那么就是议论⽂。
⾸句往往开宗明义，是⽂章的主题。细读⾸句可启⽰全⽂。⽽尾句⼜往往是对⽂章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解⽂章⼤意的⼀个窗⼝，对我们理解全⽂有着重要的启⽰作⽤。因此，要充分利⽤段⾸句提供的信息，去挖掘⽂章的思路，寻找⽂章的脉络与线索。
Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist 打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.
本⽂主要讲述的是苏格兰第⼀位⼥打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在⽿聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据⾸句给出的信息，下⾯我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，⽽
能够在⽿聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn Glennie对⾳乐肯定也是充满热情的。
2. 利⽤语法分析解题
完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项⽬的题⽬。对于这类题，考⽣可以利⽤平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词组)的使⽤范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利⽤句⼦结构、句式特点等知识全⾯衡量所有选项排除⼲扰。如：
___51___do you suppo he asked for them?
51. A. What B. How C. Who D. Which
【解析】本题中，do you suppo为插⼊成分。he asked for them是⼀个相对独⽴和完整的句⼦，因此空格处应该⽤副词How来修饰谓语动词asked，⽽不能⽤代词What, Who或 Which。
___8___ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.jevons
8. A. Becau B. While C. If D. Since
【解析】根据后⾯的I had been born in the 16th century可知这只是个假设，是⼀个虚拟语⽓的条件句。故前⾯要⽤if引导。
3. 利⽤固定搭配解题
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯⽤法和同义词、近义词的辨析两⽅⾯。习惯⽤法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考⽣平时应掌握好习惯⽤法。对词义辨析题的考查有加⼤⼒度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较⼤的词汇量和词语搭配能⼒、词语辨析能⼒，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运⽤的能⼒。如：
They couldn’t read or write. They didn’t like to work and they never ___12___ baths.
12. A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered
【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意为“洗澡”。
I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was uless and when I was 14 he said,“You’re never going to be ___2___ but a failure.”
2. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
【解析】本题考查习语anything but，意为“决不”“根本不”，即校长认为我肯定是⼀个失败的⼈。
4. 利⽤固定句型解题
完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到⼀些固定句型，考⽣掌握好这些句型，对确定题⽬的答案很有帮助。如：
ralphlauren I haven’t had a phone in the hou for three weeks now, and it’s veral days ___19___ I ud a phone box.
19. A. as B. when C. if D. since
【解析】本题考查的是it’s…since…句型，意为“⾃从……已多长时间了)”。这句话的意思是“⾃从我上次打投币电话已经有好⼏天了”。
It wasn’t long ___18___the police caught the thief.
18. A. after B. when C. before D. until
【解析】It wasn’t long before…是常⽤句型，意为“不久就……”。这⾥说的是不久警察就把⼩偷捉到了。
“Why ___14___ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who is drunk.”
5. 利⽤复现信息解题
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利⽤上下⽂寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：
First of all, I respected his ___3___ to teaching. Becau his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom.
3. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotion
【解析】空格后⾯的句⼦说到教授的讲座准备充分、讲解清楚well-prepared and clearly delivered)，由此可知教授为教育做出了很⼤的贡献，devotion to sth意为“对……贡献……”，与下⽂相通。
I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surpri, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ___44___, dresd neatly.
A. roommate
B. classmate
C. neighbor
D. companion
【分析】名词同现，空格前出现了room, furniture, curtains, a TV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。
6. 利⽤跳读法解题
⼀般⽽⾔，完形填空要填的20空中总有⼀些空是相对简单的。对于这类空格考⽣可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地⼀个顺着⼀个地去完成。如：
“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He___1___ up and looked around. A short distance away, a group of___2___ stood quietly watching us. One of them ___3___ walking toward us. We both jumped to our ___4___ not knowing what to expect.
1. A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put
2. A. pilots B. natives C. editors D. assistants
3. A. avoided B. delayed C. began D. desired
4. A. boat B. car C. hors D. feet
【解析】在通读全⽂的第⼀遍中，我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来，这是固定搭配jump to one’s feet 跳起来)；由此也可推出第三空的答案，因为有⼈开始向“我们”⾛了过来，所以“我们”才跳了起来；再根据第⼀空前⾯的wide-awake可知，此处指的应该是“我和Josh完全清醒，坐起来，环顾四周”，所以第⼀空的答案为A；最后，根据句⾸Visitors可推知第⼆空的答案为B。
7. 巧⽤排除法解题
在有些情况下，考⽣如果不能很有把握地直接得出某⼀道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运⽤，缩⼩选择的范围，提⾼正确率。如：
The woman looked carefully at me ___5___ through her glass, and then questioned me in a low voice.
grown up 5. A. as usual B. for a while C. in a minute D. once again
【解析】这篇⽂章讲述的是没有⼯作经验的作者找到⼯作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully，既然是“认真地看”，就不会是in a minute ⽴刻、马上)；既然互不相识，作者也未曾去找过⼯作，不会是as usual像往常⼀样)；前⾯没说已经打量过作者⼀次了，所以⽤once again再⼀次)是不合理的。
He put the books into the return box. And after a brief ___6___ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric.
6. A. rest B. break C. walk D. stop
【解析】此题答案为D。⼈不可能在厕所⾥休息rest, break)或是散步walk)，由此排除另外三个选项。
When I started playing ___19___ him, he told me I needed to relax becau I looked nervous.
19. A. at B. by C. for D. around
【解析】此题⽤排除法，by 和around都有“在……旁边”的意思，要选都要选，故排除这两个答案，play at后接游戏名，是“做……游戏”的意思，也可排除。故答案为C。
14. A. don’t B. couldn’t C. can’t D. do
【解析】Why don’t you do sth?是表⽰建议的固定句型，意为“为何不……?”。
8. 利⽤逻辑关系解题
smart意思 尝试从逻辑关系的⾼度整体上把握，就会不⽆惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句⼦中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的⽅法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从⽽在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题⽬的难度⼤⼤降低。
1) 句中逻辑关系
Vitamins are similar becau they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and___45___nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.
45. A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely
【解析】短⽂中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 这些维⽣素成分和and 后⾯的nitrogen 成分形成并列关系，相应修饰carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 的usually必然和修饰 nitrogen 的45空的词构成⼀⼀对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在45空考虑填⼊的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，⽽语义与usually略有不同。mostly 和partly都表⽰了部分、量的含义，与频度⽆关。rarely很少地，罕有地)虽表⽰了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合⼀⼀对应的⼀致性，因此排除。只有C项sometimes不时，有时)恰到好处地表⽰
了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。故选C。
bleached 2) 句间逻辑关系
在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句⼦的逻辑关系也不⼀定体现在⼀句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层⾯上，在句与句之间表现出来。如：
Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. ___13___, she encourages them to get ___14___ ways to do business.
13. A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. While
【解析】根据前后句⼦的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折，意思是“Old Mr Cleveland把⼯⼈⽤带⼦捆绑起来没有任何⾃由)，⽽她不那样，相反instead)她⿎励雇员”。
There is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a parate area of activity. Many artists, ___1___ would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity.art nouveau
1. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. otherwi
【解析】第⼀句讲各科艺术间是分离的，但后⽂讲的却是它们之间有很⼤的关联。however的意思是“然⽽”，表⽰转折，符合下⽂。故本题答案为however。
3) 段间逻辑关系
这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如：
Not everyone es that process in perspective. It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, ___29___, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.
29. A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore
【解析】这⾥有两种情况，第⼀可能是第⼆段前后的逻辑体现；第⼆就是段落的前后衔接。但是，这个题出现在第⼆段的第⼀句，那么，从完形填空注重逻辑关系的命题思路来看，我们优先考虑第⼆种情况。前段末句意为“不是每个⼈都能够正确看待这个进程”。⽽第⼆段⾸句为“⼤家普遍认为”，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了⼀种转折关系。故选C。
9. 巧⽤背景常识解题
解答完形填空题时，有时⽂章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的⼀般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考⽣的知识范围越⼴，则对⽂章的理解会更容易，整体上知道所选短⽂在说什么，那么局部上的每⼀个空填起来也会得⼼应⼿。因此解答完形填空题时，考⽣的英语语⾔知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作⽤。当对语⾔的把握不很准确时，可充分利⽤⾃⼰已掌握的⽂化背景和⽣活常识，巧妙地加以运⽤，先找出并理解⽂章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会⽂章表达的氛围。这样将会⼤⼤简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。如：
After ___2___ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themlves before they started the 950-mile journey back.
2. A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying
【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好⼤的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这⾥的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为plant。
Salina Joe began to ___2___ when she was one-year old.
2. A. say B. cry C. sing D. talk
【解析】根据常识判断，婴⼉在⼀岁的时候应该是开始学说话，⽽不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之间选出。⼜因为say是及物动词，其后⾯需接宾语，⽽talk是不及物动词，其后不需要接宾语，故正确答案为D。
Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30
A. check
C. keep
D.sign
【解析】外国⼈早上有读报的习惯，题中的paper指的是报纸，这是理解本⽂细节的关键，有了这些⽂化背景知识，可迅速推断出正确答案为B。
Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 37 areas like the dert.
gri 37. A. dry B. distant C. derted D. wild
英文日期顺序
【解析】我们知道，沙漠以“⼲旱”著称，有了这点常识，不难得出本题的答案为A。
10. 利⽤对⽐结构解题
对⽐结构常把两种对⽴的事物或同⼀事物的两个不同⽅⾯并列出来加以⽐较或对⽐。⾼考完形填空题常常利⽤句⼦之间的对⽐关系或者同⼀个句⼦的不同部分之间的对⽐关系设计题⽬。如：
A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and___59___room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
【分析】本题利⽤相似短语之间的对⽐关系来命题。设空部分与下⽂的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对⽐关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学⽣”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。
If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather, ___15___ he did, he would ask about their families or make ___16___, always cutting his cloth ___17___ his customers.
15. A. and then B. and so C. even if D. but if
【解析】本题考查了相似句型的对⽐关系。空格处要填的部分与前部分if he did not know them形成对⽐，这句话的⼤意是说：如果店主认识那些顾客了，就会询问他们的家庭或是开些玩笑。
11. 利⽤平⾏结构解题
平⾏结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法⼀致的句⼦或词组成串排列的语⾔现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。命题者常从平⾏结构的句式相同或相似这⼀⾓度，利⽤其表现意义的关联或对⽐这⼀特点来设空。⾼考完形填空短⽂常常会出现这样⼀些平⾏结构，掌握这些结构极为相似的
句⼦可⼤⼤提⾼我们的解题效率。如：
Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is___51___for children to work at home in their free time. ___52___, they argue that most teachers do not___53___ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.
51. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant
52. A. Nevertheless B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover
53. A. considerably B. favorably C. properly D. pleasantly
【解析】排⽐结构由Many people They hey 所组成。在意义上表现了⼈们学⽣家长)对学⽣课业负担过重的抱怨。该结构中所设置的三个空格的正确填⼊，要求考⽣⾸先把握结构所体现的“主题” —— 抱怨作业太多。其次，要求考⽣理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系。即：作业过多“too much homework”；所以，课余学⽣在家做作业是没必要的“unnecessary”；不仅如此，教师对作业的设计也不合适“not properly”。故答案分别为A、D、C。
Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them ___42___ and active.
42. A. alive B. vivid C. mobile D. diver
【解析】因空格处与and后⾯的active是平⾏的，所以答案为与active意思相近的alive。
12. 利⽤暗⽰和对应解题
完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句⼦结构的考查等，但对⽂章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗⽰与上下对应的思维⽅法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维⽅式。考⽣在做题时要有全局观念，进⾏连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空⽩处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进⾏合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗⽰，这种暗⽰多为后⾯暗⽰前⾯。如：
...he would join student groups to discuss a variety of ___47___: agriculture, diving and mathematics.
47. A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents
【解析】此题后⾯的冒号部分有提⽰：agriculture，diving and mathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题，由此可得出本题的答案为B。
衰微 Everybody moved quickly in order to ___6___ the ats they wanted. I was ___7___ to get a at near the tail, but…
6. A. fetch B. hold C. keep D. get
【解析】本题的答案可由后⾯的get a at得出。
13. 根据⽂章的感情⾊彩解题
考⽣在第⼀遍通读时，应在掌握⽂章⼤意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句⼦，这些标志性词汇或句⼦往往对⽂章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作⽤。如： When Ed first phoned and ___37___suggested) we play, I 1aughed quietly, figuring on an ___38___easy)
victory. After all, Ed’s idea of ___ 39___ exerci) has always been nothing more ___40___effort-making) than lifting a fork to his mouth. ___41___As long as) I can remember, Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family, and ___42___strangely) proud of himlf. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trours.
【解析】读这⼀部分，我们明显看到作者是看不清Ed的，⽤词有laughed, victory, nothing more than, least fit, strangely, big stomach等。在这样的描述下，⼈们就会很容易地想到， “我”与Ed⽐赛，那简直易如反掌an easy victory)，在“我”眼中他那么差，然⽽他却以⾃⼰为⾃豪，我们怎么会觉得不奇怪strangely)呢?因此从对⼈物反⾯的描述，我们得出这些答案就不难了。
I was so surprid that I was ___47___speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to get himlf into shape. ___48___As a result), at the point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was ___49___instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 leading).
【解析】surprid ⼀词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者⽤词的转变。made an effort，get into shape 等这些褒义词的使⽤对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作⽤。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. ___1___ homelessness
