jazz的英文介绍（★）
第一篇：jazz的英文介绍
jazz
I Introduction
Jazz, type of music first developed by African Americans around the first decade of the 20th century that has an identifiable history and distinct stylistic evolution.Jazz grew up alongside the blues and popular music, and all the genres overlap in many ways.However, critics generally agree about whether artists fall squarely in one camp or another.II Characteristics
Since its beginnings jazz has branched out into so many styles that no single description fits all of them accurately.A few generalizations can be made, however, bearing in mind that for all of them, exceptions can be cited.Performers of jazz improvi within the conventions of their chon style.Typically, the improvisation is accompanied by the repeated chord pro
gression of a popular song or an original composition.Instrumentalists emulate black vocal styles, including the u of glissandi(sliding movements that smoothly change the pitch), nuances of pitch(including blue notes, the “bent” notes that are played or sung slightly lower than the major scale), and tonal effects such as growls and wails.In striving to develop a personal sound, or tone color(an idiosyncratic n of rhythm and form and an individual style of execution), performers create rhythms characterized by constant syncopation(the placing of accents in
unexpected places, usually on the weaker beat)and by swing.Swing can be defined as a nsation of momentum in which a melody is alternately heard together with, then slightly at variance with, the regular beat.Written scores, if prent, are often ud merely as guides, providing structure within whichfrisbee
improvisation occurs.The typical instrumentation begins with a rhythm ction consisting of piano, string bass, drums, and optional guitar, to which may be added any number of wind instruments.In big bands the wind instruments are grouped into three ctions: saxohome for the holidays
suggest>hor的音标phones, trombones, and trumpets.Although exceptions occur in some styles, most jazz is bad on the
在线学习韩语principle that an infinite number of melodies can fit the chord progressions of any song.The musician improvis new melodies that fit the chordsuspension
progression, which is repeated again and again as each soloist is featured, for as many chorus as desired.Although pieces with many different formal patterns are ud for jazz
宽敞的意思improvisation, two formal patterns in particular are frequently found in songs ud for jazz.One is the AABA form of popular-song chorus, which typically consists of 32 measures in ¹ meter, divided into four 8-measure ctions: ction A, a repetition of ction A, ction B(the “bridge” or “relea,” often beginning in a new key), and a repetition of ction A.The cond form, with roots deep in African American folk music, is the 12-bar blues form.Unlike the 32-bar AABA form, blues songs have a fairly standardized chord progression.III Origins
托福报名教程Jazz is rooted in the mingled musical traditions of African Americans.The include traits surviving from West African music;black folk music forms
iris是什么意思developed in the Americas;European popular and light classical music of the 18th and 19th centuries;and later popular music forms influenced by black
music or produced by black compors.Among the surviving African traits are vocal styles that include great freedom of vocal color;a tradition of
improvisation;call-and-respon patterns;and rhythmic complexity, both in the syncopation of individual melodic lines and in the conflicting rhythms played by different members of an enmble.Black folk music forms include field hollers, rowing chants, lullabies, and later, spirituals and blues(e African American Music).European music contributed specific styles and forms: hymns, marches, waltzes, quadrilles, and other dance music, as well as light theatrical music and Italian operatic music.European music also introduced theoretical elements, in particular, harmony, both as a vocabulary of chords and as a concept related to musical form.(Much of the European influence was
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absorbed through private lessons in European music, even when the black musicians so trained could only find work in edy entertainment districts and on Mississippi riverboats.)
Black-influenced elements of popular music that contributed to jazz include the banjo music of the minstrel shows(derived from the banjo music of slaves), the syncopated rhythmic patterns of African-influenced Latin American music(heard in southern U.S.cities), the barrelhou piano styles of tavern
musicians in the Midwest, and the marches played by black brass bands in the late 19th century.Near the end of the 19th century, another influential genre emerged.This was ragtime, a compod music that combined many elements, including syncopated rhythms(from banjo music and other black sources)and the harmonic contrasts and formal patterns of European marches.After 1910 bandleader W.C.Handy took another influential form, the blues, and broke its strict oral tradition by publishing his original blues songs.(Favored by jazz
