专业英语四级阅读-22
(总分：200.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、{{B}}READING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
江南春翻译
二、{{B}}TEXT A{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：25.00)
I still remember—my hands and my fingertips still remember!—what ud to lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays. The trees in the schoolyard would be in full leaves again, and the old leaves would be lying around in scattered heaps like a muddy a of leaves.
"Get that all swept up!" the headmaster would tell us. "I want the whole place cleaned up, at once!" There was enough work there, to last for over a week. Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands, our fingers, our nails. "Now e that it's done properly, and be quick about it," the headmaster would say to the older pupils, "or you'll have to answer for it!"
So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peasants about to cut and gather in crops. If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expected, the big boys, instead of giving us a helping hand, ud to find it simpler to whip us with branches pulled from the trees. In order to avoid the blows, we ud to bribe our tyrants with the juicy cakes we ud to bring for our midday meal. And if we happened to have any money on us the coins changed hands at once. If we did not do this, if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or an empty pur, the blows were re-doubled. They hit us so violently and with such devilish enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being flogged not so much to make us work harder, but rather to beat us into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.
Occasionally one of us, worn out by such calculated cruelty, would have the courage to complain to the headmaster. He would of cour be angry, but the punishment he gave the older boys was always very small—nothing compared to what they had done to us. And the fact is that however much we complained our situation did not improve in the slig
htest, Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on, but somehow we never dreamed of doing so; I don't know whether it was loyalty or pride that kept us silent, but I can e now that we were foolish to keep quiet about it, for such beatings were completely foreign to our nature.qcc是什么意思（分数：25.00）
(1).From the way the headmaster spoke, we can learn that
百度在线翻译∙ A. he was ordering the older boys to do the work at once.
∙ B. he actually expected everyone to join the work.
∙ C. he did not care who did the work provided it was done quickly and properly.
∙ D. he wanted the older boys to take the responsibility rather than work themlves.
（分数：5.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：推理判断题。第二段有三处出现了校长的话：“通通打扫干净”、“我想要整片地方都打扫干净了，立刻”，以及“你们要确保这些活干得好，而且要快……”；由此可以看出，他让大男孩们负责保证校园尽快整洁干净，他所关心的只是活能又快又好地完成，而没提及谁去完成，因此选项C正确。而A“他在命令大孩子们马上打扫”、B“他实际希望每个人都加入打扫的行列”、D“他希望大孩子们负责而不是要他们亲自打扫”均不能由校长的话推断出。
(2).The older boys beat the younger ones so hard becau
∙ A. they were too lazy to work themlves and enjoyed being cruel.
∙ B. they knew this would make them offer bribes.
∙ C. the headmaster would be angry with them if the work was not done.
∙ fisD. the younger ones would work much faster and harder.
（分数：5.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：事实细节题。根据文中第三段倒数第一句“……他们打我们不是……而是……这样我们就会乖乖地交出我们的食物和钱”，可知小男孩们被鞭打的原因为B，而不是D。而A、C不是主要的原因。
(3).What would some of the younger ones occasionally do if they were beaten?
∙ A. Bribe the older ones with their midday meals.
clear vision
∙ B. Give any money they have to the older ones.
∙ C. Bear the cruelty without daring to say a word.
∙ D. Tell the headmaster about what had happened.
（分数：5.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：事实细节题。由题干关键词occasionally，将信息定位于第四段首句“偶尔我们当中会有个把人……会鼓足勇气到校长那儿去告状”；由该句可知，D正确。而A、B、C都是孩子们在挨打后的通常做法，均不合题意。
(4).What's the result of boys' complaining to the headmaster about their sufferings?
∙ A. The older boys were taught a good lesson.
∙ B. The older boys got a suitable punishment.
∙ C. It only made matters wor.
mathematics∙ D. It made no difference at all.
（分数：5.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：事实细节题。根据文章末段，在有人把被鞭打的事汇报给校长后，他会生气，会惩罚大男孩，但是他所给的惩罚太轻了，而且不足以使大孩子们有任何改变，因而小男孩子们的境况一点也没有得到改善；故选项D符合文意。选项A、B都是说校长的处罚是比较严厉的，这不符合事实；而C“让情况变得更糟”原文未提及。
(5).It is implied in the passage that
∙ A. the headmaster was very unreasonable since he put the older boys in charge of the work.
∙ B. the younger boys were quite willing to offer their food and money for they were obedient.
∙ C. the older boys didn't get any punishment became they had had the work finished quicldy.
∙ D. the writer ems to feel regret for not having told his parents about his sufferings at school.
（分数：5.00）
A.
B.
C.大西洋城 美剧
D. √
解析：推理判断题。纵观全文，作者并未提及校长让大孩子们负责打扫的做法是否理智、是否过分，故A错误；B说小孩子们十分愿意将食物和钱给大孩子们，显然与文意相反；而C“大孩子们没有受到任何的惩罚，因为他们很快地差人把工作做完了”也无从推断出；在文章最后一句话中，我们可以看出作者对于当时没有将遭遇告诉家长感到后晦(should , foolish)，即D。
三、{{B}}TEXT B{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：125.00)
The World Cup is over, which can only mean one thing: the new football ason is nearly
here. For many fans the early stages of the ason are the best. They can still dream of glory for their team before harsh reality takes hold.
Tho who don't share the passion may scoff at such limitless optimism. But a new statistical analysis suggests that the fans have every reason to dream. You don't have to be the best team to win the league. You don't have to be among the best to win promotion. And even if you're the worst team, the humiliation of relegation (降级) to a lower league is not inevitable. The laws of the game contrive to ensure that a little bit of luck can carry you through. It's one of football's great attractions for fans, and part of the reason why 700 million people tuned in to watch Spain beat Holland in this year's World Cup final,
But how influential is chance? Imagine a league in which all the teams are exactly equal. In any given match, each team has an equal chance of winning. To make the theoretical league more realistic we need to assign probabilities to each type of results. In professional football approximately one in four matches ends in a draw, so let's make the probability of a draw 0.25. This gives each team a 0.375 chance of winning the match. It's
now possible to "play" a full ason using the probabilities. As in the English Premiership, we'll t up a league of 20 teams that play each other twice, with 3 points for a win, 1 for a draw and 0 for a defeat.
A typical simulated ason produces a clear winner with 67 points and a spread between the top and bottom teams of 36 points. This, remember, is with precily equal teams. In the real Premiership, championship-winning teams average about 80 points and the top-to-bottom spread is about 50 points. Clearly, the difference in abilities of the real teams contributes to the spread of points. However, it is also clear that you can't rule out chance as a major factor in the final standings.
But can it decide the winner of the league championship? To find out, let's run another experiment. This time take the egalitarian league and add a team that is better than the rest: it still has a probability of 0.25 for a draw, but it is more likely to win its other games than lo them. Let's take its probability of winning any given game to be 0.45 and its probability of losing 0.3.
多伦多大学官网The better team now "plays" the existing 20 teams and the results are added into the leag
ue table. In one simulation, the stronger team finished the ason with 67 points. This is better than expected—the average number of points it can expect with the allocated probabilities is 64. Even so, the stronger team only finished cond. A less able but luckier team got 71 points and snatched the leaguer title.
What is the underlying reason for this apparent unfairuess? It is embodied in the rules of the game. Unlike other team sports such as basketball and rugby, football is deliberately designed as a low-scoring game, and this affects the outcome of matches. The fewer the goals, the better chance a weaker team has of winning.（分数：125.00）
(1).Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
∙ A. Fans have good reasons to believe that their team will win the game.
∙ B. The worst team has the biggest chance to win.
∙ C. Germany defeated Brazil in the World Cup final.
∙ D. Football fans are usually pessimistic towards the game.
（分数：25.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：推理判断题。文章在第二段中说“新的统计分析表明，球迷们这种愿望是有充分理由的”。根据这句话的意思，再结合上文可以看出：作者认为，尽管比赛的真实结果往往使球迷获胜的希望破灭，然而调查仍表明球迷的这种美好愿望是有充分理由的。因此A是正确的。B“最差的队赢得比赛的机会最大”，与文意不符，也与常识相悖，故错误；C搞混了输赢两方，故错误；D“球迷们经常对比赛持悲观态度”，与文中所述刚好相反，故排除。
(2).We can infer from the passage that
∙ A. championship-winning teams average about 67 points in the real Premiership.
ssions∙ B. chance is a minor factor in the final standings of football match.
dominated∙ C. a less able but luckier team wins in the simulated ason.
∙ D. the fewer the goals, the better chance a team has of winning.
