Standard Method of Test for
Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a
4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm
(18-in.) Drop
AASHTO Designation: T 180-09
1. SCOPE
1.1. This method of test is intended for determining the relationship between the moisture content and
density of soils when compacted in a given mold of a given size with a 4.54-kg (10-lb) rammer
dropped from a height of 457 mm (18 in.). Four alternate procedures are provided as follows:
四级英语作文
Method A—A 101.60-mm (4-in.) mold: Soil material passing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve
Sections 4 and 5.
Method B—A 152.40-mm (6-in.) mold: Soil material passing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve
Sections 6 and 7.
Method C—A 101.60-mm (4-in.) mold: Soil material passing a 19.0-mm (3/4-in.) sieve
Sections 8 and 9.
Method D—A 152.40-mm (6-in.) mold: Soil material passing a 19.0-mm (3/4-in.) sieve
Sections 10 and 11.2016考研英语二
1.2. The method to be ud should be indicated in the specifications for the material being tested. If no
method is specified, the provisions of Method A shall govern.
1.3. This test method applies to soils mixtures that have 40 percent or less retained on the 4.75-mm
(No. 4) sieve, when Method A or B is ud and 30 percent or less retained on the 19.0-mm (3/4-in.)
sieve, when Method C or D is ud. The material retained on the sieves shall be defined as
oversize particles (coar particles).
1.4. If the test specimen contains oversize particles, and the test specimen ud for field density
compaction control, corrections must be made according to T 224 to compare the total field
density with the compacted specimen. The person or agency specifying this method shall specify a
minimum percentage of oversize particles below which correction for oversize need not be
applied. If no minimum percentage is specified, correction shall be applied to samples with more
than 5 percent by mass of oversize particles.
1.5. If the specified oversized maximum tolerances are exceeded, other methods of compaction control
must be ud.
Note 1—One method for the design and control of the compaction of such soils is to u a test fill
to determine the required degree of compaction and a method to obtain that compaction. Then u
a method specification to control the compaction by specifying the type and size of compaction
equipment, the lift thickness and the number of pass.
1.6. The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For the purpos of determining
conformance with the specifications, an obrved value or a calculated value shall be rounded
off “to the nearest unit’’ in the last right-hand place of figures ud in expressing the limiting
value, in accordance with ASTM E 29.
1.7. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
DOCUMENTS
2. REFERENCED
2.1. AASHTO Standards:
M 92, Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purpos
M 231, Weighing Devices Ud in the Testing of Materials
T 19M/T 19, Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
T 224, Correction for Coar Particles in the Soil Compaction Test
合格证英文T 265, Laboratory Determination of Moisture Content of Soils
2.2. ASTM Standards:
D 2168, Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil Compactors
E 29, Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3. APPARATUS
3.1. Molds—The molds shall be solid-wall, metal cylinders manufactured with dimensions and
capacities shown in Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 and Figures 1 and 2. They shall have a detachable
collar asmbly approximately 60 mm (23/8 in.) in height, to permit preparation of compacted
specimens of soil-water mixtures of the desired height and volume. The mold and collar asmbly
shall be so constructed that it can be fastened firmly to a detachable ba plate made of the same
material (Note 2). The ba plate shall be plane to 0.13 mm (0.005 in.) as shown in Figures 1
and 2.
Note 2—Alternate types of molds with capacities as stipulated herein may be ud, provided the
test results are correlated with tho of the solid-wall mold on veral soil types and the same
moisture-density results are obtained. Records of such correlation shall be maintained and readily
available for inspection, when alternate types of molds are ud.
3.1.1. A 101.6-mm (4-in.) mold having a capacity of 0.000943 ± 0.000008 m3 (1/30 (0.0333) ± 0.0003 ft3)
韵文with an internal diameter of 101.60 ± 0.41 mm (4.000 ± 0.016 in.) and a height of
气缸压力116.43 ± 0.13 mm (4.584 ± 0.005 in.) (Figure 1).
3.1.2. A 152.4-mm (6-in.) mold having a capacity of 0.002124 ± 0.000021 m3 (1/13.33 (0.07500) ±
0.00075 ft3) with an internal diameter of 152.40 ± 0.66 mm (6.000 ± 0.026 in.) and a height of
116.43 ± 0.13 mm (4.584 ± 0.005 in.) (Figure 2).
3.1.3. Molds Out of Tolerance Due to U—A mold that fails to meet manufacturing tolerances after
continued rvice may remain in u provided tho tolerances are not exceeded by more than
50 percent; and the volume of the mold, calibrated in accordance with T 19M/T 19, is ud in the
qq的意思calculations.
Notes: 1.
All
dimensions shown in millimeters unless otherwi noted.
2. Hanger on the mold portion only cannot extend above the midheight line.
3. Figure 1 is to be ud for all compaction molds purchad after the publication of the 21st edition (HM-21).
4. Not to scale.
Figure 1—Cylindrical Mold and Ba Plate (101.60-mm Mold)
Notes: 1.
All
dimensions shown in millimeters unless otherwi noted.
2. Hanger on the mold portion only cannot extend above the midheight line.
3. Figure 2 is to be ud for all compaction molds purchad after the publication of the 21st edition (HM-21).
4. Not to scale.
Figure 2—Cylindrical Mold and Ba Plate (152.40-mm Mold)
Table 1—Dimensional Equivalents for Figure 1
mm in.
mm in.
mm in.
奥巴马脱口秀
3.18 ± 0.64 0.125 ± 0.025 17.78 ± 1.27 0.700 ± 0.050 107.95 ± 1.27
4.250 ± 0.050
3.81 0.150 20.32 0.800 11
4.30 ± 2.54 4.500 ± 0.100
6.35 ±1.27 0.250 ± 0.050 38.10 ± 2.54 1.500 ± 0.100 116.43 ± 0.13 4.584 ± 0.005
7.62 0.300 50.80 ± 0.64 2.000 ± 0.025 152.40 ± 2.54 6.000 ± 0.100
9.53 ± 0.64 0.375 ± 0.025 60.33 ± 1.27 2.375 ± 0.050 165.10 ± 2.54 6.500 ± 0.100
12.70 ± 2.54 0.500 ± 0.100 101.60 ± 0.41 4.000 ± 0.016 172.72 ± 2.54 6.800 ± 0.100
0.000943 ± 0.000008 m31/30 ± 0.0003 ft3
Table 2—Dimensional Equivalents for Figure 2
mm in. mm in. mm in.
3.18 ± 0.64 0.125 ± 0.025 17.78 ± 1.27 0.700 ± 0.050 152.40 ± 0.66 6.000 ± 0.026
3.81 0.150 20.32 0.800 158.75 ± 1.27 6.250 ± 0.050
6.35 ±1.27 0.250 ± 0.050 38.10 ± 2.54 1.500 ± 0.100 165.10 ± 2.54 6.500 ± 0.100
7.62 0.300 50.80 ± 0.64 2.000 ± 0.025 172.72 ± 2.54 6.800 ± 0.100
9.53 ± 0.64 0.375 ± 0.025 60.33 ± 1.27 2.375 ± 0.050 203.23 ± 2.54 8.000 ± 0.100
12.70 ± 2.54 0.500 ± 0.100 116.43 ± 0.13 4.584 ± 0.005 215.90 ± 2.54 8.500 ± 0.100
0.002124 ± 0.000021 m31/13.33 ± 0.00075 ft3
sanken3.2. Rammer:
3.2.1. Manually Operated—Metal rammer with a mass of
4.536 ± 0.009 kg (10.00 ± 0.02 lb) (Note 3),
and having a flat circular face of 50.80 mm (2.000 in.) diameter with a manufacturing tolerance of
± 0.25 mm (± 0.01 in.). The in-rvice diameter of the flat circular face shall be not less than
50.42 mm (1.985 in.). The rammer shall be equipped with a suitable guide sleeve to control the
height of drop to a free fall 457 ± 2 mm (18.00 ± 0.06 in.) above the elevation of the soil. The
guide sleeve shall have at least four vent holes, no smaller than 9.5-mm (3/8-in.) diameter, spaced
approximately 90 degrees (1.57 rad) apart and approximately 19 mm (3/4 in.) from each end; and
shall provide sufficient clearance so the free fall of the rammer shaft and head is unrestricted.
3.2.2. Mechanically Operated—A metal rammer which is equipped with a device to control the height
of drop to a free fall of 457 ± 2 mm (18.00 ± 0.06 in.) above the elevation of the soil, and
uniformly distributes such drops to the soil surface (Note 3). The rammer shall have a mass of
4.536 ± 0.009 kg (10.00 ± 0.02 lb) (Note 2), and have a flat circular face of 50.80 mm (2.000 in.)
diameter with a manufacturing tolerance of ± 0.25 mm (± 0.01 in.). The in-rvice diameter of the
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flat circular face shall be not less than 50.42 mm (1.985 in.). The mechanical rammer shall be
calibrated by ASTM D 2168 to give the same moisture-density results as with a manually
operated rammer.
Note 3—The mechanical rammer apparatus shall be calibrated with veral soil types and the
mass of the rammer adjusted, if necessary, to give the same moisture-density results as with the
manually operated rammer.
It may be impractical to adjust the mechanical apparatus so the free fall is 457-mm (18 in.) each
time the rammer is dropped, as with the manually operated rammer. To make the adjustment of
free fall, the portion of loo soil to receive the initial blow should be slightly compresd with the
rammer to establish the point of impact from which the 457-mm (18-in.) drop is determined;
subquent blows on the layer of soil being compacted may all be applied by dropping the rammercome together
from a height of 457 mm (18 in.) above the initial-tting elevation, or when the mechanical
apparatus is designed with a height adjustment for each blow, all subquent blows should have a
rammer free fall of 457 mm (18 in.) measured from the elevation of the soil as compacted by the
