2010全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题及答案
2010年01月13日 16:29 来源：跨考教育
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over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. The habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in respon to a carefully designed t of daily cues.
“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only becau we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”
The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could u to introduce new routines.
If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we u every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, becau of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanr for u after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertid as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
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“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s esntial to making new products commercially viable.”
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Through experiments and obrvation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been ud to ll questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.
[A] should be further cultivated
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[B] should be changed gradually
[C] are deepiy rooted in history
[D] are basically private concerns
案山子 32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____
[A] reveal their impact on people’habits
[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities
movenpick [C]indicate their effect on people’buying power
[D]manifest the significant role of good habits
33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?
什么是av [A]Tide
[B]Crest
[C]Colgate
[D]Unilver
34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____
[A]perfected art of products
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[B]automatic behavior creation
[C]commercial promotions
[D]scientific experiments
35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertiment on people’s habits is____
[A]indifferent
[B]negative
[C]positive
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[D]biad
Text4
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to rve on juries; that jurors should be lected randomly from a reprentative cross ction of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to rve on a jury on account of race, religion, x, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should reprent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than reprentative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themlves, rather than electing reprentatives to govern for them.
