绍兴的陆游
1997年深冬的一天,染着冰冷的雾气,我们跃上剑门关。险关之上,长风长贯,飞云飞掠,峭壁上的诗刻,却更为夺目。一首《剑门道中遇微雨》令我久久怅然:―衣上征尘杂酒痕,远游无处不消魂。此身合是诗人未?细雨骑驴入剑门。‖在这雄关险道之处,在这英雄壮士洒血之地,诗人那宏愿难遂的愤懑情怀,像撞击在崖壁上的雄风,翻卷着、旋转着,扶摇直上。诗人却把浩荡的情怀化为细细的雨丝,独具匠心地洇作一幅闲逸图。细看这图的底色,是浓浓的乌云,乌云后隐隐可闻一声声闷雷——那是爱国诗人的剧烈的心动,是诗人对腐朽南宋王朝的悲愤的控诉!陆游一生,志在报国,恢复中原。他的生涯设计是―上马击狂虏,下马草军书‖,非以诗词为旨。可惜,那个扭曲的时代给中华民族造就的,不是收复失地、横扫狂虏的军事统帅、民族英雄,而是一个报国无门、屡受排挤打击、一腔悲愤的爱国诗人。是幸耶悲耶!?陆游出生于风光旖旎的山阴(今绍兴)乡间。当时强敌压境,山河坼裂,在家人的教育下,他自幼研读兵书,练习击剑,立志从戎。28岁赴临安应进士试,因―喜论恢复‖而受到秦桧的忌恨,复试竟被除名。秦桧死后陆游虽被赐进士出身,终因坚持恢复中原的政治主张而不得重用,多次被贬谪,最后怀着一腔遗恨,―心在天山,身老沧州‖!陆游的一句―位卑未敢忘忧国‖,多少年来成为激励人们倾心社稷的至理名言。陆游壮志难酬,只好把满腔热血倾注在诗作上,作震天的呼号,作动地的悲鸣,具有巨大的震
撼力和感召力,因而成为具有深远影响的爱国诗人。陆游一生主张北伐,虽然屡遭投降派的谗毁打击,但始终矢志不渝。68岁时已退居乡间,依然心系国事,渴望统一,写出了传世名篇《十一月四日风雨大作》:―僵卧孤村不自哀,尚思为国
戍轮台。夜阑卧听风吹雨,铁马冰河入梦来。‖谁人读来不感慨万分!直到85岁临终前,还写下了―但悲不见九州同‖的遗憾,表达了诗人至死不泯的爱国情怀!陆游以一生的追求及其诗作,集中表达了激昂深重的爱国主义思想,是激励中华民族坚强不屈的宝贵精神财富。
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步出鲁迅故居,向南寻沈园走去,边走边观赏着小桥流水,边议论着那两首传闻天下的《钗头风》,不经意便看见了郭沫若手书的―沈氏园‖匾额,——这里便是当年陆游魂牵梦绕的沈园。据说,保存下来的沈园仅为南宋时之一角了。园中树不繁,花不艳,亭榭亦不奇,但游人纷至,接踵摩肩,实为陆游唐琬而来。人们不仅为陆游强烈的爱国精神所激励,也深为陆游唐琬真挚的爱情所感动。陆游20岁与表妹唐琬结婚,相爱甚笃,却被母亲因故强行拆离。四年后的1155年春,陆游偶游沈园,意外邂逅唐琬,唐琬置酒赠与陆游。陆游怅然久之,情之所至,笔到神来,在粉墙上题下《钗头凤》:―红酥手,黄藤酒,满城春色宫墙柳。东风恶,欢情薄,一怀愁绪,几年离索。错!错!错!春如旧,人空瘦,泪痕红浥鲛绡透。桃花落,闲池阁,山盟虽在,锦书难托。
莫!莫!莫!‖唐琬归去亦和《钗头凤》一首,不久便因病而逝。陆游辗转任职,几十年风雨生涯,却无时不怀念着唐琬,此后多次来沈园凭吊、赋诗。在75岁垂老之时写出感人至深的《沈园二首》。即在逝世的前一年,陆游依然在深深地怀念着唐琬:―也信美人终作土,不堪幽梦太匆匆!‖在陆游身上所表现的深挚的情爱,亦是人性的真、善、美。
高级翻译张璐
rebound2007年3月绍兴——长春-----------------------------
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Lu You of Shaoxing
One chilly day late in 1997 saw a group of us climbing up the peak of Jianmen Guan(or the ―Sword-gate Pass‖) in Sichuan Province. Blowing winds and drifting clouds around t off in a clear-cut manner the poems engraved on the cliffs. One of the poems, entitled ―Encountering drizzle s at Jianmen Guan,‖ read:
如何查询考研成绩Clothes covered with dust and alcohol drips,
stable>empressDepresd as I’m back from long fighting trips,
Am I born a mere donkey-riding poet,
Meeting at the Pass with drizzling drops?
What touching ntimental lines! At this cliffy mountain pass soaked in heroic blood, the poet aired rentments over his unfulfilled ambition – spiraling emotional gales sweeping the cliff and soaring skyward, against a unique landscape of leisurely descending drizzles. A clor scrutiny led us to the full background: thick black clouds loaded with rounds of faint thunders behind – this is the violent heart throbs of a patriotic poet and his protests against the rotten Southern Song Kingdom.
Here I am talking about Lu You, a man determined all his life to engage himlf in patriotic fights to regain the Central Plains. Instead of being a man of poetry, he wanted to become a life-long valiant warrior. The unfavorable times where he lived, however, have brought to the Chine nation a rentful poet, who had been framed and sidestepped all the time and unable to fulfill his patriotic aspirations, rather than a military commander to wipe out enemies and regain lost homelands. Are we lucky or not?
Lu You (1125-1210, in the Southern Song Dynasty) was born in the picturesque countrysi
de of Shanyin, where stands the city of Shaoxing today. Strong enemies approaching his homeland, the whole country was on the point of falling asunder. Since childhood his family had guided him to study tactics of war, and practice fencing so that he might finally become a warrior. At the age of 28, he arrived at Lin’an County for the highest imperial examinations. His eager argument of ―regaining homelands‖ annoyed Qin Kuai, then a royal examiner, who disqualified him for the cond round of the exams. After Qin Kuai’s death, Lu You regained the title of Jinshi as a successful examinee, but he was marginalized after veral demotions becau of his political contention to recover the Central Plains. Full of rentments, he wrote:
In vain did I wave the patriotic sword,
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Now I stay obscured at the water ford. 考研现场确认
But Lu You also wrote: ―I dare not forge t my country in spite of my humble office.‖ This is a motto that has long inspired people to go all out for the country.
Ambition unfulfilled, Lu You had to put all his heart in poetic creation, turning out thundering calls and outcries of inspirations, and establishing himlf as a patriotic poet of far-reaching influence.
Lu You called for the northward military expedition all his life. Despite all the slanders and attacks by the camp of capitulation, he remained determined. At the age of 68, he retired and lived in the countryside. But still, Lu You showed concerns for
state affairs, and eager for a reunified country, as is expresd in his famous ver ―Raging Rains torms‖that will never fail to touch one’s soul:
