2011年英语期末考试模拟题
学号 姓名 年级专业
2011年期末考试题型:(总共100分)
第一部分Writing (15分)
第二部分:Fast Reading (10分) 快速阅读为1000字左右,题目为10个选择或填空.(技巧:先看题目再从文中找答案).
第三部分:Listening (35分) 8个短对话,2个长对话,三篇短文,一篇复合式听写(较难,录音读3遍)
第四部分:Reading (20分) 共2篇
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第五部分:Clo (完型填空) (10分) 共20个选择
第六部分:Translation (10分) 中文译成英文
Part I Writing (30 minutes)15分
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Self-recommendation。 You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chine:
1) 阐明你欲深造的专业；
2) 阐述你的学业背景和专业兴趣培养；
3) 表明在此深造的目的和理由。
注意：此部分试题请在答题纸上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)10分
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choo the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C )and D). For questions 8-10, complete the ntences with the information given in the passage.
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Humans Were Born to Run, Fossil Study Suggests
Fossil Study
Humans started to jog around two million years ago, according to fossil evidence of some distinctive features of the modern human body.pennsylvania
A new study suggests that humans may have left their tree-swinging ancestors behind becau they developed into endurance runners. This ability, the rearchers say, may explain why humans look the way they do today.
"We are very confident that strong lection for running-which came at the expen of the historical ability to live in trees-was instrumental in the origin of the modern human body f
orm," said Dennis Bramble, a biology professor at the University of Utah.
The rearchers identified a range of physical traits that suggest human ancestors evolved as distance runners. The adaptation helped them cha down prey and compete more effectively with the speedier carnivores (食肉动物) on the open plains of Africa, the study says.
"We think running is one of the most transforming events in human history," Bramble added. "We are arguing the emergence of humans is tied to the evolution of running."
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The conventional theory is that our distinctive body form derives from an improved walking ability in early hominids (原始人类), and that running was simply a byproduct of this earlier adaptation. Also, humans are considered unaccomplished runners when compared to mammals such as pronghorn antelopes (叉角羚lwjj), which can sprint at 40 miles an hour (60 kilometers an hour) for veral minutes.中韩语在线翻译
But Bramble says human running ability is often underestimated. "What's important is combining reasonable speed with exceptional endurance", he said.
The study notes that athletic humans can outrun hors and antelopes over extremely long distances. In parts of Africa this technique is still ud today by hunters to exhaust their prey.
Bramble adds that walking cannot explain the changes in body form that distinguish humans from Australopithecus (南方古猿).
Fossil Evidencedecide
The study details various adaptations found in early humans-including fossils of Homo erectus and Homo habilis (200万年前的智人，由南方古猿进化而成)-which are required only for running.
伤感英文网名The adaptation include long, spring-like tendons (腱), such as the Achilles (希腊神阿基里斯) tendon, which store energy and reduce the metabolic (新陈代谢的) costs of running by half. Fossil records suggest the Achilles tendon was abnt in Australopithecus.
Likewi, the longitudinal (纵向的) arch of foot-another well-developed t of springs imp指示灯英文
ortant to running-appears to have evolved with Homo habilis.
Long legs are also vital for endurance running, becau speed is gained by increasing the length, not rate, of strides. The rearchers say long legs, relative to body mass, first appeared some 1.8 million years ago.
And becau running expos the body to much higher stress than walking, the study suggests humans evolved relatively large joint surfaces in the lowers body to act as shock absorbers.
Bramble even points to human facial features as evidence that our appearance was shaped by lection for running. Compared to our apish (像猿的) ancestors, who could run only short distances, we have a more balanced head, flatter face, and smaller teeth and no. "This shifts the center of mass back, so it's easier to balance your head when you are bobbing up and down", Bramble explained.
Similarly, broader shoulders, a narrow waist, and shorter forearms-all characteristic of
humans among primates-help the upper body to counterbalance the lower body while running.英语儿歌歌词
Even our large buttocks (臀部)-conspicuous by their abnce in our clod living relatives-are considered critical to stabilization while running. "Have you ever looked at an ape?" Bramble asked. "They have no buns (臀部)!"
