高考英语一轮复习语法专项讲解--名词
高考英语语法专项讲解--名词
考点清单一名词的数
一、可数名词复数的规则变化
1.一般情况下,词尾直接加-s，如:students, teachers,trees。
2.以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的，加-es,如: boxes , watches, glass.
注意:stomach的复数为stomachs。
3.①以"辅音字母+y"结尾的，变y为i加-es.如untries.
①以“元音字母+y"结尾的,加-s。如:boys,toys.
薄烤饼
4.①以-f或-fe结尾的，大都变f或fe为v加-es。如: lves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves,
shelves, wolves, halves。
巧记:为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。
①少数加-s。如: beliefs, proofs, chiefs,roofs.
5.①以-o结尾的，一般加-s。如:radios, videos ,zoos,tobaccos.
①以下名词加-es(一般有生命的物体加-es) : Negroes, heroes，potatoes, tomatoes.提醒英语
巧记:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
6.合成词变复数，一般将主体名词变复数，无主体名词时，最后一部分变复数。如: sons-in-law,pasrs-by, storyteller,grown-ups,lookers-on。
[练全题点1]单句语法填空
1. In this article,you need to back up general_______(state)with specific examples.
2.A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college ________(apply) ,I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like.
3. He had_______(dish) in this restaurant.
4. We have four_________(class) every morning and there're two________(box) on the platform.
5. There're two_______(loaf) of bread and two________(knife) on the table.
6.I took veral_________(photo) of the beautiful scenery with the_________(boy).
7. There are three_________(path) leading to my village. And there are many _______( bamboo)around it.
8. The ant has two_________(stomach).
9. A great many________(roof) were damaged by the storm.
10. The___________(chief) have different________(proof).
语法轻巧记忆
主语从句巧记:-f结尾的名词直接加-s变复数
有些以-f结尾的名词在由单数变为复数时，是直接在词尾加上-s。如: gulf, roof,chief,rf,belief,proof,handkerchief.为方便记忆，我们将这些词编成口决进行联想记忆，效果非常好!agent
海湾边、屋顶上,首领奴仆两相望;
谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。
二、可数名词复数的不规则变化
1.变内部元音
child- children foot- feet tooth- teeth
mou mice man- men woman- women
2.单复数同形，如:deer，sheep，fish,Chine ,aircraft，means，species ,Japane 等。feo
cang3.美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar,two dollars.
4.集体名词，以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
people, police, cattle本身就是复数，但可以说a head of cattle, 20 heads of cattle. the English,the British,the French,the Chine,the Japane,the Swiss等,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:
The Chine are industrious and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
5.以-s结尾,仍为单数的名词，例如:
(1)maths,politics,physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。
(2)news为不可数名词。
(3)the United States ,the United Nations应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。
(4)以复数形式出现的书名、剧名，报纸、杂志名，也可视为单数。例如:
“The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting storybook.(-千零-夜)是一本非常有趣的故事书。
6.表示由两部分构成的东西，如glass(眼镜),trours,clothes等；若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对,双),suit(套)。如:a pair of glass,two pairs of trours.
7.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思。如goods货物.waters水城。
三、不可数名词量的表示
用“数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后的名词只用单数。如:a piece of chalk/jewelry/ news/ meat/bread/furniture/ equipment/luggage/ music/information/ thread/ advice/ clothing/ paper.
四、不可数名词转化为可数名词
1.抽象名词表示具体的事时也可数。如
glonassThe party is a big success.这个聚会是一个巨大的成功。
2.表示“一场/段/件/种....时，要用a或an,此时多用形容词或of短语修饰。如:a fine rain(一阵细雨),a heavy snow(-场大雪),a long time(很长一段时间)。
3.有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下也不可转化为可数名词。如: advice, fun, homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage/luggage ,jewelry , clothing等。
五、作定语的名词的数
1.用复数作定语。如:sports meeting运动会,students reading-room学生阅览室，talks table 谈判桌,the foreign languages department外语系。
2.leman等作定语时,其单复数由所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如;menworkers,women teachers, gentlemen officials.
3.有些原以-s结尾的名词，作定语时-s保留。如: goods train 货车,arms produce 武器生产，customs papers海关文件,clothes brush衣刷。
loveagain4.数词+名词作定语时，若有连字符，名词用单数;若无连字符，名词用复数加“”。如:a ten-mile walk/ten miles' walk十英里路,a five-year plan/a five years' plan 一个五年计划。
5.名词作定语，一般用单数。如:a steel bridge一座钢桥,paper money纸币，a coffee cup一个咖啡杯，an evening paper一份晚报，city life 城市生活，country music 乡村音乐，office work办公室工作，street light 路灯。
六、不同国籍人的单复数
中国人the Chine a Chine two Chine
日本人the Japane a Japane two Japane
俄国人the Russian a Russian two Russians
希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen
德国人the German a German two Germans
瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
七、名词前的修饰语
1. 只能修饰可数名词的有each, either ,neither，another，the，tho, both,
(a)few,veral, many,a large number of,scores of, dozens of,a great/good many等。
2.只能修饰不可数名词的有(a)litte ,much,a bit of,a great deal of,a large amount of等。
3.既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有some ,any ,half, most,all,a lot of,lots of.plenty of,a large quantity of .quantities of, mass of等;
剑桥雅思是什么[练全题点2]单句语法填空
1. He tried out a__________(ries) of_________(mean) to work out the problem.
2. Five_______(child) are playing games under the tree,with five________(sheep) eating
grass on the grass.
