Management Studies, Sep.-Oct. 2019, Vol. 7, No. 5, 443-446
doi: 10.17265/2328-2185/2019.05.005
Rural Tourism and Sustainable Development红旗飘飘引我成长
Rostom Beridze
Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Batumi, Georgia
The solving of economical and social development problems of rural populated area has particular urgency
nowadays. It should be noted that the development of rural tourism is perspective and it gives opportunity to fully
u the potential of populated rural area. The objective of rearch is to study the opportunities of rural
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development in Georgia and in mountainous region of Adjara. Therefore, the main questions discusd in paper are:
to analyze the employment opportunities for the population of rural areas; to foree the possible condary income,
how to reduce the migration of rural population, especially the youth; possibility to supply the locally produced
goods and rvice and to increa their awareness; and possibilities to develop the industries related to tourism. The
joint efforts of government, municipal authorities, and business providers, with the involvement of rural area
inhabitants are esntial for the development of populated rural territories. The special attention should be
addresd to the social initiatives and economic activities of local people through the involvement in the tourism
儿歌ctor development. The rural tourism and entrepreneurship development provide the possibility to solve the main
宝安桃源居social-economic problems of rural inhabitants.
Keywords: rural tourism, sustainable development, tourism policy
Introduction
Unbalanced development of rural ttlement areas is often related to the unequal availability of the territories, increa in rural population migration, insufficient level of social and technical infrastructure development, abnce of alternative employment opportunities, and contrast in the level and quality of life between the city and village that finally led to the boost of problems in the rural ttlements. As a result, particular importance is given to solve the economic and social development problems of rural ttlement areas.
As the following study assumes, rural tourism, concerned with the utilization of natural, cultural, histo
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rical, and other resources while developing the tourist product, could be considered as a promising option for the development of rural entrepreneurship and rural ttlement areas.
State of Art and Rearch Methodology
There have not been carried out thorough studies concerning the stated topic in Georgia. From the studies done abroad, it should be emphasized the following papers: “Rural Tourism and sustainable business” of Hall, Kirkpatrick, and Mitchel (2005), “Competitiveness in Rural US Regions: Learning and Reearch Agenda”of Porter et al. (2004), and “The Next Rural Economies: Constructing Rural Place in a Global Economy”by Rostom Beridze, professor, Doctor of Economics, Tourism Faculty, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Batumi, Georgia.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addresd to Rostom Beridze, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, 6010,
35 Ninoshvili Str. Batumi, Georgia.
RURAL TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
444
Halth, Markey, and Bruce (2010). Another important literature related to this topic is “Rural Tourism: An International Perspective” by Dashper (2014).
The rearch was bad on the following principles:
•Focus group interviews. As far as study results, it implies to find out the community perception towards tourism from the different social perspectives. Also, to u mass surveying method.
•General descriptive and correlative approach is ud to analy the survey results and find out the relationship between the variables. Quantitative analy is esntial to find out and show in dynamic the population perception changes in the long term.
Discussion
Agriculture is a primary business and source of income for the population of mountainous part of Adjara region. Even though, majority of them own only few resources assigned for agricultural work, almost all of them have land devoted to agriculture and produce different cultivated products. The beef, milk, chee, and honey are the leading sold products. But only 7 percent of families produce the stated products.
The rearch shows that local community (28% of surveyed population) gets their basic income from realization of livestock and poultry products, compiling the mean of 535 GEL (Georgian Lari) annually. The income from this source is the highest in Khulo municipality reaching 1,005 GEL, and the lowest in Keda municipality—174 GEL.
The other agricultural products reprent the source of income for more than one third of survey respondents. The mean equaled to 529 GEL for the last year. The highest annual income—910 GEL was stated in Keda municipality and the lowest is 81 GEL in Shuakhevi.
The income of local community from renting or lling the property, or international money transfers is not high and equals to 1-3%.
The source of income for families is the regular earnings (salary) of family members, reprented with 3,194 GEL.
Agriculture is the primary business for the populated areas in the mountainous part of Adjara region. Choosing an agriculture industry, as an enterpri direction, is related to the relief characteristics, soil type, and natural resources. Regarding the other types of enterpri fields—food and beverage establishments, guesthous, and autorvice, high demand leads to choosing them. The competitio
n is low in the indicated areas and the received income is high.
There are different government programmes promoting rural development in the country, but not all of them are implemented successfully, mainly becau of veral reasons: The farmers’interests and local relief characteristics are not foreen and lack of project management; farmers’ awareness of projects are low.
The rural tourism is the most perspective industry in the populated ttlements of mountainous Adjara region.
It should be noted that rural tourism development has highly promising outlook and gives the opportunity to fully benefit from the potential of rural populated areas. Rural tourism development is related to meet some important challenges:
•To improve state policy of rural tourism development.
•To form the legislation, standards, and norms regulating the rural tourism development.
百度翻译词典•To develop the qualified staff training system for the employees of rural tourism.
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•To create the competitive tourist product and promote them on tourism rvice market.
•To develop the social, transportations and engineering infrastructure, etc.
Analyzing the study leads to formulate the following solutions of the existing problems:
•To create a concept of rural tourism development reflecting the local and national characteristics.
•To form a normative-legislative basis of rural tourism.
•To create tourist products and offer them to different gment markets (individual, family, and small groups).
•To create a marketing strategy for promoting a regional touristic potential in the domestic and international markets.
•To popularize the historical, cultural, and natural sighteings.
•To increa an awareness of the tourism rvice market.
•To attract the investments in the tourism industry through the government and private partnerships.
•To create a human resource qualification improving system in the tourism industry.
•To train and encourage the rural youth to create the guesthous in the frames of “Produce in Georgia”program.
•To create an outstanding rural tourism market in the internet using the contemporary informational technologies.
•To provide a marketing support and promotional activities for the regional touristic products.
Conclusion
All things considered, the rural tourism development will be beneficial to meet the primary social and economical objectives of the rural ttlements:
•To provide the employment of rural population.
•To provide the condary income.prepare是什么意思
knack•To reduce the migration of rural population, especially the youth.
•To supply the locally produced goods and rvice and to increa their awareness.
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•To increa the tourist flows by offering the competitive tourist products in the rural ttlement areas. •To develop the industries related to tourism.
•To restore the cultural heritage sites.
•To prerve the national traditions, customs, and craft.
The joint effort of government, municipal institutions, and business, with the active involvement of rural population is esntial in order to ensure the sustainable development of rural ttlement areas. Particular attention should be addresd to the social initiatives and economical activities of local communities as part of involvement in tourism industry development.
The rural tourism and entrepreneurship development provides the opportunity to solve the primary social-economical problems of rural communities.
References
Abesadze, T. (2017). Norwegian experience in the creation of exclusive rural tourism products. Proc
亚加达外语专修学院eedings of International Scientific-Practical Conference—Tourism: Economics and Business, 10-11 June, Batumi, Georgia.
Dashper, K. (2014). Rural tourism: An international perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Hall, D., Kirkpatrick, I., & Mitchel, M. (2005). Rural tourism and sustainable business. Bristol, UK: Channel View Publications.
RURAL TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Halth, G., Markey, S., & Bruce, D. (2010).The next rural economies: Constructing rural place in a global economy.
Oxfordshire, UK: CABI International.
Japaridze, D. (2017). Village of the future—Enhancing the competitiveness by promoting tourism and small business (Satsire, Georgia). Proceedings of International Scientific-Practical Conference—Tourism: Economics and Business, 10-11 June, Batumi, Georgia.
Porter, M. E., Ketels, C. H. M., Miller, K., & Bryden, R. (2004). Competitiveness in rural US regions: Learning and rearch agenda. Retrieved from pdfs.manticscholar/6045/de890b82a8ac5d29ecc949a5750b362aa45e.pdf
