10个免疫治疗术语：一种科学的译本
文章来源：美国癌症协会
近来免疫疗法看起来是癌症界最大的事件。在今年早期美国副总统拜登提议把癌症治疗作为美国的下一个 “登月计划”。约翰·霍普金斯大学建立了The Bloomberg-Kimmel 癌症免疫治疗研究所。近期，前facebook高管Sean Parker承诺2亿5千万美元用于创建派克癌症免疫治疗研究所。
伴随这些激动的时刻，你会认为这对免疫治疗来说是一个全新的突破。但实际上，进展已经有了一个多世纪了。并且几十年以来，美国癌症协会资助了这一领域的研究人员。
虽然研究继续推进人们科学理解免疫治疗的认识，但可以肯定地说大多数人还没有基本的了解免疫治疗是什么或它是如何工作的。这也是为什么我们创建这个10个常见的免疫治疗术语的“参考表”。我们从所有术语里面最重要的开始。
（1）癌症免疫治疗：用免疫系统与癌症做斗争的治疗方式。一部分以一般的方式促进免疫系统，而其他的则帮助你的身体攻击癌细胞。
（2）抗原：一个细胞的一部分，比如蛋白，可以向你的免疫系统发出警示。
（3）T细胞：免疫细胞（白血细胞）通过在人体内漫游破坏本不属于人体内的其他细胞。
（4）癌症细胞：开始脱离控制增长的体内原本存在的细胞。有时候他们没有足够的不同从而不能被T细胞识别为“坏细胞”，这也是癌细胞能够存活的原因之一。
(5) 免疫检查点：帮助制动器打开T细胞的攻击模式。检查点一般阻止T细胞偶然破坏健康的细胞，但一些癌细胞能够利用检查点来使T细胞进入待机模式。
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（6）检查点抑制剂：当癌细胞利用检查点使T细胞进入待机模式，这些药物告诉T细胞摆脱待机状态并攻击癌细胞。
（7）单克隆抗体：实验室制造的分子，可以锁定癌细胞的特定缺陷。单克隆抗体的作用于癌症免疫治疗的方式之一就是使癌细胞对免疫细胞更加可视化。
（8）嵌合抗体受体T细胞（CAR-T）疗法：一种有前景的治疗方式，利用病人自己的免疫细胞与癌细胞做斗争。T细胞从病人的血液里移植出来，在实验室修改使T细胞表层拥有嵌合抗原受体（它起着癌细胞磁体的作用）后再放回体内。然后CAR-T细胞寻找并破坏癌细胞。
（9）癌症疫苗：放入体内启动免疫应答的物质。有一种疫苗在美国被批准用于治疗癌症：Sipuleucel-T (又称Provenge)用于前列腺癌。它并不是一种治疗方法，但它能够帮助男性活得更久。其他疫苗能够帮忙预防癌症。
（10）细胞因子：用一些免疫细胞制造的化学药品，以一般方式促进免疫系统。人造版本，例如白细胞介素-2（IL-2）和干扰素-α能够用来治疗某些癌症。
自我介绍的英语作文
10 Immunotherapy Terms: A Science-to-English Translation
Immunotherapy ems like the biggest deal in cancer the days. After Vice President Biden’s call early this year for aconvictions “moonshot initiative” to cure cancer, Johns Hopkins established the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, to which philanth
ropist Sidney Kimmel and former New York mayor Michael Bloomberg each donated $50 million. More recently, former Facebook executive Sean Parker pledged $250 million to create the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy.
With all this excitement you’d think immunotherapy is a brand new breakthrough. In fact, progress has been evolving for more than a century. And for decades the American Cancer Society has funded rearchers in this area, including former Society Faculty Scholar Jeff Bluestone, the new president and CEO of the Parker Institute, and Stephan A. Grupp, MD, PhD, director of the Cancer Immunotherapy Program at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.
While rearch continues to advance the scientific understanding of immunotherapy, it’s safe to say most people don’t have a basic understanding of what it is or how it works. That’s why we created this cheat sheet of 10 common immunotherapy terms. We start with the most important term of all.
1. Cancer immunotherapy: Treatments that u the immune system to fight cancer. So
me boost the immune system in a general way, while others help your body attack cancer cells.
2. Antigen: A part of a cell, such as a protein, that rais a red flag for your immune system.
3. T cells: 领队英语Immune cells (white blood cells) that roam the body to find and destroy other cells that don’t belong.
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4. Cancer cells: Your own cells that start to grow out of control. Sometimes they don’t look different enough to be recognized as “bad guys” by T cells, which is one reason cancer cells survive.
5. Immune checkpoints: Substances that help put the brakes on T cells’ attack mode. Checkpoints normally prevent T cells from accidentally destroying healthy cells, but some cancer cells can u checkpoints to keep T cells in standby mode.
6. Checkpoint inhibitors: When cancer cells u checkpoints to keep T cells in standby deepl翻译
mode, thehealthyeatinghabits drugs tell T cells to snap out of it and attack.
7. Monoclonal antibodies: Lab-made molecules that are designed lock on to certain defects in cancer cells. One of the ways they can work in cancer immunotherapy is by helping make cancer cells more visible to the immune system.
8. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy: A promising treatment that us a patient’s own immune cells to fight cancer. T cells are removed from the patient’s blood, altered in the lab to have “chimeric antigen receptors” (which act like magnets for cancer cells) on their surface, and put back into the body. CAR T cells then ek and destroy cancer cells.男士秋装搭配
oadm9. Cancer vaccines: Substances put into the body to start an immune respon. There is one vaccine approved in the US to treat cancer: Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) for prostate cancer. It’s not a cure, but it can often help men live longer. Other vaccines can help prevent cancer.
10. Cytokines: Chemicals made by some immune cells that boost the immune system in a general way. Man-made versions, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon alpha, can be ud to treat some cancers.
