Dresier’s Naturalism in Sister Carrie
摘要：
美国作家西奥多德莱赛被认为美国自然主义的杰出代表，本文以其第一部小说《嘉莉妹妹》为例分析德莱赛自然主义德一些特征。论文从德莱赛创作嘉莉妹妹的历史文化背景出发，研究德莱赛在《嘉莉妹妹》中表现出来的自然主义。论文涉及该小说的两大背景：一是达尔文主义和宿命论；二是美国自然主义。同时分析自然主义的三大特点：欲望，本能和环境，人的本能欲望迫使人一直想往更高处走，动物的本能可能迫使人为了达到目的不择手段的使用各种计策，大的环境直接决定了这个人的命运以及他最后是否能够获得成功。通过对这三方面德分析，最后得出结论：《嘉莉妹妹》一文中的主人公嘉莉在欲望的驱使下，使用各种手段最后虽然获得了成功，但是她最后却始终与孤独相伴。
同时本文还对自然主义存在的缺陷进行了批判，自然主义过分强调悲观主义决定论和人性兽性化。这些倾向势必会影响到读者在阅读自然主义作品中对人性的分析和评价。因此，读者应秉承凡事都有两面性的原则，对人性本善充满信心，看到人性中真善美的一面。
关键词 右脑训练 自然主义；环境因素；遗传因素；欲望
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Abstract：
zrjTheodore Dreir is regarded as an outstanding reprentative of American naturalism. In this thesis, Dreir’s first novel Sister Carrie is taken as an example to analyze the features of Dreir’s naturalism. The thesis referred to two great historical and cultural background of the novel which are Darwinism，Determinism. American Naturalism. Meanwhile the thesis analyzes three features of naturalism. At last, we can draw the conclusion that the leading character of the novel-Carrie’s destiny has a great connection with Dreir himlf and the decline of Hurstwood is a result of Dreir’s fear of failure, but Dreir attributes Carrie and Hurstwood’s unhappiness to their insatiable desire for life or they are doomed to be unhappy etc, and from which we can e Dreir’s naturalism easily.
At the same time, the paper criticize the shortcomings of naturalism. Naturalism pays too much attention to the determinism and human beast. The factors may cau effects on the reading of the readers. Therefore,readers should have an exact attitude in reading Sister Carrie.
Key Words: Naturalism; Environment; Hereditary; Desire
Contents
Ⅰ. Introduction 1
Ⅱ.Environmental Factors for Carrie 5
2.1The Living Environmental Factors--the Lure of the Big City 5
2.2 The Social Environment Factors -the Lure of Love 6
2.3.The Work Environmental Factor--the lure of chances 7
Ⅲ.Hereditary Factors for Carrie 8
3.1三级英语听力A Gift of Beauty 9
3.2A Sentimental Hear 10天道留学
3.3An Endless Desire 11Ⅳ.Critique for Sister Carrie 13
4.1Critique of 14
sail是什么意思 4.2Critique of the Concept of Human Beast 15
Ⅴ.Conclusion 17
Bibliography 19
Ⅰ.Introduction
At the very beginning of the paper, it is of importance to introduce Sister Carrie. Sister Carrie is the first novel of Dresier, it was emed as the beginning work of his naturalism. This novel takes the development of the industry of American city as the background, describes a story that a beautiful girl come to Chicago and the process that she succeed in the high level society. Dresier pays more attention to the influence of Carrie’s fate of environment factors and heredity factors. The two factors are the main features of Naturalism. Naturalism is evolved from realism and it is the outgrowth of realism. It appeared at the end of the 19th记单词 century, came from France. It was influenced by Charles
新加坡硕士留学费用Darwin theory of evolution. Human life was governed by the two crushing forces of heredity and environment, this ideal was picked up by writers in different countries. They held that realism was too genteel in tone to reveal the harsh reality. Then, they ushered a literary movement called Naturalism. The major features of naturalism is that determinism. The cond one is that the univer is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile to human desires. Life becomes a struggle of survival. The last one is that naturalism is a harsher and extreme form of realism. The main figures of naturalism are Stephen Crane, Frank Norris and Theodore Dresier. Besides that, it is easy to understand that naturalism has many limitations. The purpo of this paper is to discuss Sister Carrie with critical eyes, criticizing pessimistic determinism and the concept of human beast as reflected in the novel.
Except for the introduction and conclusion, this paper includes three chapters. The first and cond chapter describe the obvious factors that decide Carrie’s fate: one is environmental factors, the other is heredity factors. The first chapter discuss that environmental factor have a great influence on Carrie’s life. It tells people that one man w
ould success if she is in an advantageous environment. On the opposite, she will be fail in fate. This paper discuss three different environmental factors that include living environment, social environment and work environment. The reason why Carrie gets succeed in big city just becau of the factors fit for her properly.
Chapter two discuss the naturalistic heredity factors for Carrie. There is one famous principle for naturalism. That is, hereditary decides fate. Like Darwin’waiters evolution theory, one person will survive if he adapt for the environment, or he will be out. It is obvious that Carrie has many advantages, such as her appearance, her cleverness and so on. All of the factors make her adapt for the environment well. And she also has a desire for enjoying the life of the big city. And her success in the big city proves to readers that “only the fittest can be survived from natural lection.”
雅思如何复习Chapter three criticizes the naturalism’s limitations as reflected in Sister Carrie. Firstly, this paper criticizes the pessimistic determinism of naturalism. It believes that human being is helpless. They are all controlled by environment and heredity which they live in.
Therefore, no matter how hard work they are, they still not change their fate.Becau of the factors, human being should keep optimistic attitude in daily life. Secondly, this paper criticizes the naturalistic idea that human being as a beast-like creature, which regards human being as a combination of beast and human.
The conclusion makes a summary and tells readers that the paper’s practical significance. Nowadays, with the development of market-oriented economy, many young women have the similar fate with Carrie. A lot of girls come to the big city from countryside, they may be lured by the prosperous city. In fact, people must keep a sober mind and be a independent woman. Everyone should believe in themlves and try one’s best to change the environment they live in. Therefore, everyone can be a new man, can be the master of their life.
