18.1复习笔记
Eugene Glastone O’Neill(1888-1953)（尤金·格拉斯通·奥尼尔）
1.Life（生平）
tears of joy
Eugene O’Neill was the greatest playwright of US.He was born in New York. His father was a famous actor and O’Neill traveled around with his father’s group and took a year in Princeton,from which he was expelled becau of misbehavior.Then he began his experience of wandering and loafing about which stand him in good stead.In the winter of1912-13he developed tuberculosis and was nt to a sanitarium.In this period he read widely in the world’s dramatic literature.In1916his one-act play Bound East for Cardiff was staged.The event marked the beginning of O’Neill’s long and successful dramatic career and ushered in the modern era of the American Theater.O’Neill was a prize-winning playwright.He received the Pulitzer Prize for his Beyond the Horizon and Anna Christie between1920and1922,and the Nobel Prize in1936.
尤金·奥尼尔是美国最伟大的剧作家。他出生于纽约市，他的父亲是当时有名的演员。幼年时奥尼尔常随
父亲的剧团演出。他曾就读于普林斯顿大学，但一年后因行为不端被校方开除。之后他开始了漂泊生涯，这段经历对其创作意义重大。1912年到1913年冬天奥尼尔因肺结核不得不疗养治病。这段时间他广泛阅读世界戏剧名著。1916年他的独幕剧《东航卡迪夫》上演。这标志着奥尼尔漫长且成功的戏剧生涯的开始，也标志着美国戏剧现代化时代的到来。奥尼尔的一生赢得了众多奖项。1920年到1922年间，他的《天边外》和《安娜·克里斯蒂》分别获得普利策奖。1936年他获得了诺贝尔文学奖。
灵格风
2.Artistic characteristics（艺术特点）
(1)O’Neill was a tireless experimentalist in dramatic art.He took drama away from the old tradition of the last century and rooted it deeply in life.He introduced the realistic or even the naturalistic aspect of life into the American theater.The stylistic aspect of O’Neill’s art merits notice for its variety and its display of consummate craftsmanship.
(2)He borrowed freely from the best traditions of European drama,be it Greek tragedies,or the realism of Ibn,or the expressionism of Strindberg,and fud them into the organic art of his own.He borrowed freely from modern literary techniques such as the stream-of-consciousness devic
e with the help of which he managed to reveal the emotional and psychological complexities of modern man.
(3)He paid attention to the usage of tting and stage property.O’Neill’s cealess experimentation enriched American drama and influenced later playwrights.He was regarded as the American Shakespeare.
clever是什么意思
(1)奥尼尔坚持不懈地革新戏剧艺术，他把戏剧从19世纪的传统束缚中解放出来，使之深深地扎根于现实生活。他首次把现实主义乃至自然主义的手法引进美国戏剧中，他的艺术以多样化及精深圆熟而著称。
(2)他大胆借鉴欧洲戏剧传统中的精华，诸如希腊悲剧、易卜生现实主义及斯特林堡表现主义等，并把它们融入到自己的艺术中。他还大胆借鉴现代派文学技巧，如意识流手法，这有助于他揭露现代人情感及心理上的复杂性。
(3)此外，他还特别重视布景和道具的使用。奥尼尔不懈的创新丰富了美国戏剧、影响
embedded systems
了后来的剧作家。他被誉为“美国的莎士比亚”。
ibd3.Major Works（主要作品）
Bound East for Cardiff(1916)《东航加的夫》
xerox是什么In the Zone(1917)《在这一带》
The Long Voyage Home(1917)《漫长的返航》
The Moon of the Caribees(1918)《加勒比的月亮》Beyond the Horizon(1918)《天边外》
Emperor Jones(1920)《琼斯皇帝》heka
The Hairy Ape(1922)《毛猿》
Desire Under the Elms(1924)《榆树下的欲望》
All God’s Chillun Got Wings(1924)《上帝的儿女都有翅膀》The Great God Brown(1926)《大神布朗》
Strange Interlude(1928)《奇异的插曲》
Mourning Becomes Electra(1931)《悲悼》
Days without End(1933)《日子没有尽头》
The Iceman Cometh(1939)《送冰的人来了》
A Touch of the Poet《诗人的气质》
Long Day’s Journey Into Night《长日终入夜》
Hughie(1941)《休依》
guess who batman
The Moon for the Misbegotten(1943)《月照不幸人》More Stately Mansions《更庄严的大厦》
4.Selected Works（选读作品）
man of the hou
◆Desire under the Elms《榆树下的欲望》
The story happens on a New England farm.Widower Ephraim Cabot is a lfish, mean,cruel and decadent puritan.He maltreats his cond wife to death and occupies her farm as his own property.E
ben,the youngest and brightest sibling, feels the farm is his birthright,as it originally belonged to his mother.He buys out his half-brothers’shares of the farm with money stolen from his father,and Peter and Simeon head off to California to ek their fortune.Later,Ephraim returns with a new wife,the beautiful and headstrong Abbie,who enters into an adulterous affair with Eben.Soon after,Abbie bears Eben’s child,but let’s Ephraim believe that the child is his,in the hopes of curing her future with the farm.The proud Ephraim is oblivious as his neighbors openly mock him as a cuckold.Madly in love with Eben and fearful it would become an obstacle to their relationship,Abbie kills the infant.An enraged and distraught Eben turns Abbie over to the sheriff,but not before admitting to himlf the depths of his love for her and thus confessing his own role in the infanticide.
动物世界2故事发生在一个新英格兰农场上。伊弗雷姆·卡伯特是一位自私、吝啬、残忍、颓废的清教徒。他将第二任妻子虐待致死后将其农场占为己有。埃本是他最小、最聪明的儿子，认为自己应该继承母亲的这份遗产。他用从父亲那里偷来的钱买下了两个同父异母哥哥的股份，彼得和西蒙就去加利福尼亚淘金去了。后来，伊弗雷姆带回一位漂亮而固执的妻子，名叫艾比，她后来与埃本发生了关系。不久后，艾比怀了埃本的孩子，并让伊弗雷姆相信那是他的
孩子，以期得到他的财产。当邻人公开取笑他戴了绿帽子时，骄傲的伊弗雷姆并没放在心上。艾比疯狂地爱上了埃本，她担心孩子会阻碍他们的关系，于是杀死了婴儿。埃本极其愤怒，揭发了艾比，但是出于对艾比的真爱，他承认自已也参与了谋杀。
