16字征服四六级汉译英之三:找准主干

更新时间:2023-06-14 04:05:54 阅读: 评论:0

16字征服四六级汉译英之一:找准主干
在汉英翻译中,找准主干是关键。正确选定并译好译文的主谓语,是成功构建英文句子、忠实传达汉语原意的根本。
一、英文句子类型
把握英文的主要句子类型,这是找准并译好主干的基础。
(一)简单句
1. 主谓结构
【例1】各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异。(CET-6:样题)
演讲词的特点【参考译文】Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chine New Year vary widely from place to place.
caya【例2】烹饪技术和配料在中国各地差别很大。(CET-4:13-12)
【参考译文】The skills of cooking and lection of ingredients vary widely in China.
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2. 主谓宾结构
【例3】人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。(CET-4:样题)
【参考译文】People often beautify their homes with paper.
【例4】为驱厄运、迎好运,家家户户都会进行大扫除。(CET-6:样题)
【参考译文】In order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck, every family will thoroughly clean the hou.
3. 主系表结构
【例5】闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。(CET-6:13-12)
【参考译文】The world-renowned Silk Road is a ries of routes connecting the East and the West.
【例6】过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。
【参考译文】The custom of celebrating Mid-Autumn Festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty.
4. 主谓双宾结构
【例7】自然给予我们所需之物。
【参考译文】Nature gives us what we need.
【例8】他把这本书给了他的妹妹。
【参考译文】He gave his sister the book.
5. 主谓宾宾补结构
【例9】有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程。(CET-4:13-12 )
暮光之城一共几部【参考译文】Some schools have even made information technology a required cour.
【例10】2011 年,联合国教科文组织(UNESCO) 将西湖列为世界文化遗产保护地。【参考译文】UNESCO made West Lake a World Heritage Site in 2011.
(二)并列句
英文并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句并列构成,通常用and, but, or, so, not only ... but also 等并列连词进行连接。
【例11】例如,土豪和大妈都是老词,但已获取了新的意义。(CET-6:14-06)
【参考译文】For example, Tuhao and Dama are both old words, but they have taken on new meanings.
【解析】采用连词but,并在but之后添加they,指代前面的“土豪和大妈”,充当第二小句的主语。
【例12】在中国,烹饪不仅被视为一种技能,而且也被视为一种艺术。(CET-4:13-12)
【参考译文】In China, cooking is regarded not only as a skill, but also as an art.
(三)主从句
顾名思义,主从句由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句所构成,主要包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
1. 主语从句
【例13】土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的《牛津(Oxford)英语词典》。(CET-6:14-06)【参考译文】It is likely that both Tuhao and Dama are included into the new edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.
【解析】译文采用主语从句。为避免句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it 放在句首位置,真
正主语搁置于句末,即采用“it + 系动词+ 形容词+that ”结构,其中It 作形式主语。【例14】不管怎样,信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。(CET-4:13-12)
【参考译文】Either way, it is good that information technology has attracted the attention of the general public.
2. 表语从句
【例15】由于食物对健康至关重要,好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡,所以中餐美味又健康。(CET-4:13-12 )
【参考译文】As food is vital for one’s health, a good cook always tries to strike a balance among grains, meats and vegetables. That is why Chine food is both tasty and healthy.
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【例16】问题是我们如何应对这日渐恶化的环境。
好听的女孩英文名字
【参考译文】The problem is how we can respond to the deteriorating environment.
3. 宾语从句
【例17】他们强调,人们应当读好书,尤其是经典著作。(CET-4:14-06)
【参考译文】They emphasized that people should read good books, especially classics.
【例18】教改能否成功取决于是否真正践行素质教育这一理念。
【参考译文】The success of educational reform depends on whether the notion of quality-bad education is truly practiced.
4. 定语从句
【例19】“你要茶还是要咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的题目。(CET-4:13-12)
【参考译文】“Would you like tea or coffee?” This is a question (that) diners are often asked. 【例20】该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。(CET-6:14-06)
【参考译文】This report also highlights the issues that derve our attention in the next few years.
【例21】土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主,现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。(CET-6:14-06 )
【参考译文】Tuhao ud to refer to a rural landlord who liked to bully his tenants or rvants. Now it is ud to describe a person who spends money thoughtlessly or who is rich and likes to show off wealth.
5. 状语从句
【例22】各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异,但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚,一起吃年夜饭。(CET-6:样题)
【参考译文】Although the customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chine New Year vary widely from place to place, all the family members usually reunite and enjoy the annual reunion dinner on the New Year’s Eve.
【例23】中国应进一步发展核能,因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。(CET-4:14-06) 【参考译文】China should further develop nuclear energy, becau nuclear power currently accounts for only 2% of its total generated power.
【例24】由于食物对健康至关重要,好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。(CET-4:13-12)
【参考译文】As food is vital for one’s health, a good cook always tries to strike a balance among grains, meats and vegetables.
二、译文主语的选定与翻译
(一)原文主语的中心名词充当译文主语
就四六级汉译英而言,原文句子一般较简单,无需作太多语序调整。多数情况下,沿用原文主语,适时增补调整语言要素即可。
【例25】中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。(CET-6:13-12)
【参考译文】Since ancient times, the Chine people have been celebrating harvest in the Mid-Autumn festival.
【例26】北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染,从减少pm2.5 排放入手。(CET-6:14-06)
【参考译文】In next three years, Beijing is scheduled to invest 760 billion Yuan in treating pollution, starting with reducing/cutting down the emission of pm 2.5.
【例27】传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。
acquit【参考译文】The traditional moon cakes bear such characters as “longevity”, “good fortune”, or “harmony”.
(二)增补主语
翻译汉语无主句时,除采用被动态进行翻译外,还可结合上下文,增补主语,采取主动语态来翻译。vitamins
【例28】人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和
房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。(CET-4:样题)
【参考译文】People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations in particular, they u paper cuttings to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance joyous atmosphere.
【解析】这里涉及的方法是在被动句中,变被动为主动,译出实际施动者。为了保持语言流畅,要保证前后两句的联系。方法之一是让后一句的主语与前一句保持一致。此处人称代词they 指代前一句的主语people。
(三)原文除主语外的成分充当译文主语服装设计效果图
alice是什么意思【例29】文艺界的主要斗争方法之一,是文艺批评。
【参考译文】Literary and art criticism is one of the principal methods of struggle in the world of literature and art.
【解析】此处所用的方法是将原文表语充当译文主语。这种方法通常用于处理原文中出现的头重脚轻的情况。由于英文整体上向右拓展,所以将较短的表语用来充当译文主语,而
将原文中较长的主语置于译文的末尾,这从根本上顺应了英文的行文习惯。
【例30】中国的海洋资源十分丰富。
【参考译文】China is rich in marine resources.
【解析】此处所用的方法是将原文主语或表语的修饰成分调整为译文主语。原文中“海洋资源”是主语的中心名词,如直译为China’s marine resources are very rich ,译文显得头重脚轻。故可以考虑将原文主语中的修饰中心名词的成分“中国”作为译文主语。
【例31】为了保证经济持续、快速、健康地发展,必须加快国有企业的改革步伐。
【参考译文】In order to ensure sustained, rapid and sound development of the economy, the reform of state-owned enterpris must be accelerated.
【解析】此处所用的方法是将原文宾语作为译文主语。这种情况在翻译汉语无主句时较为常见,通常采用被动语态来翻译。
(四)物称主语作译文主语
英语有使用物称主语的习惯,而汉语中多采用人称主语。采用物称主语后,英译文比较正式和凝练。
【例32】唐代是中国历史上对外交流的活跃期。

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