第五章 中 译 英
汉译英题型预测
1句子翻译
● 完成句子,即把括号中的汉语部分译成英语。
● 用所给词语翻译句子。
● 给出一个汉语句子让考生译出。
1.2 短文翻译
题目给出一段文章,要求仔细阅读后,根据上下文,把这段文章中所给的每一句汉语译成英语。这种题目的难度显然比第一种要大,伸缩性更强。
2. 汉译英技巧点拨
2.1选准句型
为了尽量避免汉译英出现多种答案的可能性,即将采用的汉译英新题型可能都会提供相关的英语上下文,有了这种上下文的限制,考生的答题就有可能在规定的范围中进行,换句话说,同学们答题就必须按照要求选准句型。
例1:The harder you work, ____. (取得的进步就越大。)
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
例2:她感到____.(难以适应国外的生活。)
She found it difficult to adapt herlf to the life in a foreign country.
例3:(你们所谈得)____只是我们今天要解决的问题之一。
What you've talked about is only one of the problems we're going to solve today.
例4:他们要求____.(释放犯人。)
They requested that the prisoners should be t free (be relead).
2.2 增减词汇
例1:不承认这个事实,就不是唯物主义者。
Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.
例2: 新中国处处可以看到新人、新事物。
Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China.
例3:我们要分析问题,解决问题。
We have to analyze and solve problem.
例4:我已提前完成了交给我的工作,他也提前完成了交给他的工作。
I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
vast2.3正反转译
例1: 第一批炸弹没有击中目标。
The first bombs misd the target.
例banana republic>人造鱼翅2:博物馆里的所有展品禁止触摸。
All the articles are untouchable in the muum.
例3:今天的世界很不安宁。
The world today is far from peaceful.
例4:我想小李明天不会来了。
I don’t think Xiao Ming will come tomorrow.
2.4适当分合food in china
例1: He ____. (为人单纯而坦率)
He was very clean. His mind was open.
例2:They emed ____proud of their economic achievements. (这是合乎情理的)
They emed justifiable proud of their economic achievements.
例3: 这是我的爸爸。他是一个教授。
This is my father who is a professor.金丝雀码头
2.5 词类转换
例1: 熟知世界历史有助于对时事的研究。
An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.
(动→名)
例2: 电话在美国迅速普及了。
The telephone was immediately popular in the United States.
(动→形)
例3: 他们慢慢地沿着全部北冰洋岸航行,一路仔细观察。
Little by little they went along the entire coast of the Artic Ocean, making careful obrvation on the way.
(副+动→形+名)
例4: 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
(形→名)
2.6词序调整
例1: 华东:East China
东北:northeast
als
西南:southwest
东西南北:north, south, east and west
101房间:Room 101
例2: 他昨天来的。
He came yesterday.
例3:他虽富有,但不幸福。
He is not happy, though he is rich.
例4picasa 我们从来都没有看见过这样光明的前途。
Never have we en so bright a future before us!
2.7 语态转换
例1: 为了能进行核物理方面的研究,魂断蓝桥主题曲原唱要求这些青年教师读完两年研究生课程。
In order to do rearch in nuclear physics, the young teachers are required to complete a two-year graduate cour.
例2:全世界的石油将会用尽, 人们将使用从原子分disable是什么意思裂获得的这种更为方便的动力。教师节的英语祝福语
The oil of the world will have been ud up, and man will be using the more convenient power obtained fro the splitting of the atom.
例3:还要过多久黑白电视机才会被送进博物馆呢?
How long will it be before black and white television ts are found only in the muums?
注意一些习惯译法:
有人主张…… It is asrted that …
据信…… It is believed that …
人们普遍认为…… It is generally considered that …
人们希望…… It is hoped that …
据报道…… It is reported that …
据说…… It is said that …
据推测…… It is suppod that …
众所周知…… It is well –known that …
必须承认…… It must be admitted that …
需指出的是…… It must be pointed out that …
据传…… It was told that …
有人会说…… It well be said that…
2.8 长句的翻译
2.8.1: 合并法
合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句。
例1: 中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other us.
例2:农民缺乏培训,许多农场生产效率低,使得绝大多数农村人口在国内处于不利的地位。
Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the vast majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own country.
例3:没有农业,人类便不能生存,社会生产也就不能继续下去。
But for agriculture, man could not exist, nor could social production proceed.
2.8.2倒置法
在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即
对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。
例1: 改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.