Depression----The Mental Illness
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Depression is a mental health disorder , a psychiatric condition，characterized by sadness ,loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low lf-worth ,disturbed sleep or appetite ,feelings of tiredness , and poor concentration.
Specifically,it is a mood disorder characterized by persistently low mood in which there is a feeling of sadness and lost of interest.
Depression is different from the fluctuations in mood that we all experience as a part of a normal and healthy life. Temporary emotional respons to the challenges of everyday life do not constitute depression.
According to the US Centers for Dia Prevention and Control (CDC),8% of people over the age of 12 years has depression in any two-week period.
The World Health Organization (WTO)puts depression at the top of the list -it is the most common illness worldwide and the leading cea of disability.The organization estimates that 350 million people around the world are affected by depression.
Major Depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is prent across most situations. It is often accompanied by low lf-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain没什么大不了英文 without a clear cau.People may also occasionally have fal beliefs or e or hear things that others cannot.Some people have periods of depression parated by years in which they are normal while others nearly always have symptoms prent. Major depressive disorder can negatively affects a person's family, work or school life, sleeping or eating habits, and general health. Between 2-7% of adults with major depression die by suicide, and up to 60% of people who die by suicide had depression or another mood disorder.
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The cau is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors include a family history of the condition, major life changes, certain medications, chronic health problems, and substance abu.About 40% of the risk appears to be related to genetics .The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is bad on the person's reported experiences and a mental status examination. There is no laboratory test for major depression. Testing, however, may be done to rule out physical conditions that can cau similar symptoms.Major depression should be differentiated from sadness which is a normal part of life and is less vere.The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for depression among tho over the age 12, while a prior Cochrane review found insufficient evidence for screening.
Typically, people are treated with counlling and antidepressant medication.Medication appears to be effective, but the effect may only be significant in the most verely depresd. It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide. Types of counlling ud include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy. If
other measures are not effective electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be tried. Hospitalization may be necessary in cas with a risk of harm to lf and may occasionally occur against a person's wishes.
Major depressive disorder affected approximately 253million (3.6%) of people in 2013. The percentage of people who are affected at one point in their life varies from 7% in Japan to 21% in France. Lifetime rates are higher in the developed world (15%) compared to the 英文地址developing world (11%).It caus the cond most years lived with disability after low back pain. The most common time of ont is in a person in their 20s and 30s. Females are affected about twice as often as males. The American Psychiatric Association added "major depressive disorder" to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in 1980. It was a split of the previous depressive neurosis土方工程机械 in the DSM-II which also encompasd the conditions now known as dysthymia and adjustment disorder with depresd mood. Tho currently or previously affected may be stigmatized.
What are the signs and symptoms of depression?
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depression may be triggered by stressful life events, other illness, certain drugs or medications, or inherited traits. although caus of depression are not entirely understood, we know it is linked to an imbalance in brain chemistry. once the imbalance is corrected, symptoms of depression generally improve
21世纪英语People with depressive illness do not all experience the same symptoms. The verity, frequency and duration of symptoms will vary depending on the individual and his or her particular illness.
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Symptoms include:
Persistent sad, anxious or "empty" feelings
Feelings of hopelessness and/or pessimism
Feelings of guilt, worthlessness and/or helplessness
Irritability, restlessness
Loss of interest in activities or hobbies once pleasurable, including x
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