⾼考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇⽤法（21-30）
要真正开发同理⼼，你最好在养⽼院或医院做志愿者，加⼊⼀个有多样化的会员的俱乐部或团队，与你的家⼈有⼀个“共享圈”，或者在动物收容所照顾宠物。
professor是什么意思【句式分析】
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导⼀个⾮限制性定语从句，修饰先⾏词a club or a team，volunteer, join,
have和spend是并列的谓语动词，To really develop…在句中作⽬的状语。
【词语点拨】volunteer v.志愿n.志愿者
Some graduates volunteer to work in the countryside.⼀些⼤学⽣⾃愿到农村去。
She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week.
⽬前她在当地的⼀家学校做志愿⼯作，⼀周去3天。
【语法点拨】不定式to do可以作⽬的状语（其否定形式：not to do），相当于in order to do和so as to do (so as to do只【语法点拨】
能放在句中，不能位于句⾸)。如：
One should get enough exerci to keep healthy.
为了维持⾝体健康，⼀个⼈要有⾜够的锻炼。
To find a better job, a lot of people choo to go to the big cities.
为了找份更好的⼯作，很多⼈愿意到⼤城市去。
⾃豪地阅读我写的内容时，我环顾整个房间，却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来了。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有三个⾮谓语短语，reading my words 和only to find…分别作时间状语和结果状【句式分析】
语，bearing…作宾补。
【词语点拨】glance vi瞥；浏览；后⾯常跟at, through, over等介词
I picked up the phone book and glanced through it. 我拿起电话簿，匆匆扫了⼀遍。
He glanced at his watch and left the room.他匆匆看了⼀下⼿表，离开了房间。
【语法点拨】动词不定式作结果状语时，通常表⽰出乎意料的结果，常被just或only修饰，置于句末，⽤逗号和句⼦分【语法点拨】
开。如：
I went to the classroom, only to find nobody there.我去了教室，却没有见到⼀个⼈。
He rushed to the door, only to discover that it was locked and barred.
他冲到门边, 却发现门已被锁死了。
23. At 12 years old she won a Guinness Record when she became the youngest
1991年，12岁的伏明霞就获得了⼀项吉尼斯纪录，当时她参加了在澳⼤利亚举⾏的跳台跳⽔世界锦标赛，成为最年轻的
少儿英语视频
⼥⼦世界冠军。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，when在句中引导状语从句，to win the women’s world title…作定语，修饰the youngest 【句式分析】
female。
【词语点拨】championship n.冠军称号；锦标赛
We are proud for you to win the championship.我们为你赢得冠军⽽骄傲。
All the gold medals for the championship fell to the team.混蛋日语
本届锦标赛的所有⾦牌都被这个队夺得。
【语法点拨】动词不定式作定语，具体⽤法参见第18句。
【语法点拨】
把酒精从体内消除是个缓慢的过程，也不可能通过任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡来加速其消除的过程。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，To get rid of alcohol和to speed it up在句中都作主语。
【句式分析】
【词语点拨】1)get rid of摆脱；除去
How to get rid of air pollution is still a big problem.
如何清除空⽓污染仍然是个⼤问题。
2)measure n.尺⼨；措施；⼿段vt. & vi.测量；有……长（宽、⾼等）
A clock measures time.钟是⽤来计量时间的。
This room measures ten metres across.这个房间宽⼗⽶。
Mr. Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.
史密斯先⽣要求裁缝照他的尺⼨做新⾐服。
We must take measures to prevent the water from being polluted.
我们必须采取措施防⽌⽔被污染。
【语法点拨】动词不定式作主语：具体⽤法参见第20句。
【语法点拨】
明确了⼴告的⽬标群体后，研究⼈员就会尽量获取这个群体的有关信息，例如他们的好恶，以及如何使产品适应他们的⽣活。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，how在句中引导定语从句，Having identified the target group是现在分词的完成形式作状【句式分析】
语。
【词语点拨】identify vt.识别，认出
Could you identify your bike among a hundred others.
你能从100⾃⾏车中认出你的那⼀辆吗？
The bad weather is identified as the possible cau of the accident.
坏天⽓被认为可能导致了这个事故。
【语法点拨】having done可以作状语，此时，它代表的动作发⽣在句⼦谓语动作之前，它的逻辑主语和句⼦的主语⼀致。如：
Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.
由于没有尽最⼤努⼒，他这次考试没能通过。
Having known the situation well, they could deal with the problem efficiently.
由于对形势的深刻了解，他们有效地处理了问题。
天真少女拉拉沿着回洞⽳的路⾛着，听到狼群在森林⾥嚎叫，她的步伐加快了，担⼼会有野兽在等者伏击她。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导宾语从句，Having heard 和fearing…在句中作状语。
【句式分析】
【词语点拨】1)accelerate v. 加快，加速
In order to catch up with and surpass the advanced world levels we’ll have to accelerate our speed.要赶超世界先进⽔平，我们还得快马加鞭。divideby
Sunshine, fresh air, and rest often accelerate a person’s recovery from sickness.
阳光、新鲜空⽓和休息常会促使病⼈早⽇康复。
2)lie vi.平躺；位于（lay, lain）；撒谎（lied, lied）；n.撒谎
The factory lies to the west of town.⼯⼚在⼩镇的西边。
David felt tired, so he went and lay down for a rest.
戴维感到疲劳，所以去躺下休息了。
His books lay open on the desk when I went in.我进去时，发现书平摊在书桌上。
Richard wasn’t telling the truth. He was lying.理查德没讲实话，他在撒谎。
The only way to meet the manager is to lie in wait fo r him as he leaves one of his meetings. 找到这个经理的唯⼀办法是，等着他从会议结束出来。
【语法点拨】1)having done作状语：具体⽤法参见第25句。
2）现在分词作状语：
现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或⼏乎是同时发⽣的，可以作时间、原因、⽅式、条件、结果、⽬的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句⼦的主语。如：
Rushing out of the hou, he was knocked down by a car.
他⼀冲出屋⼦就被⼀辆车撞倒了。
graphicdesignMy cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there.
我表兄去深圳了，希望在那⼉找份⼯作。
The child fell，striking his head against the door.
⼩孩摔了⼀跤，头在门上碰了⼀下。
courage是什么意思In the last few years, the country has had a hard time,suffering veral killer quakes.
过去⼏年⾥，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了⼏次致命的地震。
Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom.因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。
有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯⽤法：considering,judging from,talking of,allowing for(考虑anticancer rearch
到),generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that（假设）等。如：
Talking of this film, it’s wonderful.说到这部电影，好极了。
Assuming that it is true, what should we do now?
假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办?
Judging by the direction of the wind, it won’t rain today.
根据风向测度, 今天不会下⾬。
Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会⼼理学研究⼈们的群体⾏为。
吓跑了⼩⼈，我开始挣扎以使绳⼦松开，终于挣断了绑着左臂的绳⼦，并轻轻地解开绑着头发的绳⼦。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，两个that在从句中都引导定语从句，修饰先⾏词the strings，Having scared…在句中作状【句式分析】
语，to break…作manage的宾语。
【词语点拨】struggle vi. 搏⽃; 挣扎；争取 n.打⽃；挣扎；⽃争
The climbers struggled against the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain.登⼭者在强风中艰难的⾏⾛，最终到达⼭顶。
They struggled to get out of the burning building.他们艰难地逃离了着⽕的⼤楼。
With a struggle, I managed to control my feelings.经过⼀番⽃争，我控制住了情绪。
【语法点拨】1)having done作状语，具体⽤法参见第25句。
2)不定式to do常跟在下列动词后作宾语：ask, agree, beg, begin, start, wish, choo, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, ek, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promi, refu, want, would/should like等。如：
His parents choo to live in the countryside.他的⽗母决意在乡下居住。
We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
我们约定在这⾥见⾯，但是到现在她还没露⾯。
Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?
明天和我们⼀起去野餐好吗？
西班⽛流感在⼗⼋个⽉内夺去了五千万⼈的⽣命，该病似乎专门袭击年轻⼒壮的⼈，⽽不是⽼迈长者，
被认为是历史上最严重的⼀次传染病。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有⼀个句式：be believed to do/be 被认为做……/是……，Having killed…在句中作状【句式分析】失望的英文
语，to strike…作定语，修饰tendency。
【词语点拨】strike vt.攻（袭）击；打，打动； (钟)敲响报(时); 使突然想起n.打击；罢⼯
Snowstorms often strike that area in winter.冬天暴风雪常常袭击那个地区。
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
The clock struck twelve.钟敲⼗⼆点。
I was struck by the beauty of the West Lake.我被西湖的美景给迷住了。
It suddenly struck me that I ought to make a new plan.
我突然想到, 我应该制订⼀个新的⽅案。
The bus drivers have been on strike for veral days.
公共汽车司机罢⼯好⼏天了。
彼岸花的英文【语法点拨】1）(sth/sb)be believed to do/be 被认为做……/是……= It is/ was believed that…，在这个句式中，不定式作主语补⾜语，可以代替believe⽤于这个句式的动词还有：say, suppo, think, know, report等。如：
Do you know why Friday is believed to be an unlucky day?
你知道为什么星期五被认为是不吉利的⽇⼦吗？
The old castle was believed to have ghosts living in it for many years.
多年来⼈们⼀直相信这座古堡⾥⾯居住着幽灵。
The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20-year period.
⼈们认为建造这座⼤⾦字塔花去了20多年的时间。
Yao Ming is thought to be one of the best basketball players in the world.
姚明被认为是世界上最棒的篮球运动员之⼀。
2）having done作状语，具体⽤法参见第25句。
3）to do作定语，具体⽤法参见第19句。
我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但我知道您从未到过亚洲以外的地⽅旅⾏，所以，我想告诉你⼀点关于你期望找到的东西。
【句式分析】
【句式分析】本句是有并列连词but连接的复合句，同时包含有四个从句，what your expectations are…，that you’ve never travelled…，I’d tell you和what you can…都是宾语从句；knowing…和to find…在句中分别作主语和宾语。
【词语点拨】expect v.期望；预期
You can’t expect to succeed if you attempt tasks above your ability.
如果你要做能⼒达不到的事，就别指望成功。
The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his expectation.
西湖的春景要⽐他所预想的更加美丽。
