Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGs)
Adoption: 20 October 1972
Entry into force: 15 July 1977
Introduction
Amendment procedure
Technical provisionsPart A - General (Rules 1-3)
Part B - Steering and Sailing (Rules 4-19)
Section 1 - Conduct of vesls in any condition of visibility (Rules 4-10)
Rule 6 - safe speed
Rule 10 - vesls in or near traffic paration schemes
Section II - Conduct of vesls in sight of one another (Rules 11-18)
Rule 13 - overtaking
Rule 14 - head-on situationsSection III - conduct of vesls in restricted visibility (Rule 19)
Part C Lights and Shapes (Rules 20-31)
Part D - Sound and Light Signals (Rules 32-37)
Part E - Exemptions (Rule 38)黄褐斑的治疗方法
Annexes
The 1981 amendments - rule 10 amended
The 1987 amendments - crossing traffic lanes
The 1989 amendments - inshore traffic zone
The 1993 amendments - positioning of lights
The 2001 amendments - WIG craft
自考培训学校The 2007 amendments - distress signals
Introduction
The 1972 Convention was designed to update and replace the Collision Regulations of 1960 which were adopted at the same time as the 1960 SOLAS Convention.
One of the most important innovations in the 1972 COLREGs was the recognition given to traffic paration schemes -Rule 10 gives guidance in determining safe speed, the risk of collision and the conduct of vesls operating in or near traffic paration schemes.
The first such traffic paration scheme was established in the Dover Strait in 1967. It was operated on a voluntary basis at first but in 1971 the IMO Asmbly adopted a resolution stating that that obrvance of all traffic paration schemes be made mandatory - and the COLREGs make this obligation clear.
Amendment procedure
Under the "tacit acceptance" procedure incorporated in the Convention, an amendment must first be adopted by two-thirds of tho prent and voting in the Maritime Safety Committee. It is then comm
unicated to Contracting Parties and considered by the IMO Asmbly. If adopted by two-thirds of the States prent and voting in the Asmbly, it automatically enters into force on a specified date unless more than one third of the Contracting Parties notify the Organization of their objection.In addition, a Conference for the purpo of revising the Convention or its regulations or both may be convened by IMO at the request of not less than one-third of Contracting Parties.
Technical provisions
The COLREGs include 38 rules divided into five ctions: Part A - General; Part B - Steering and Sailing; Part C - Lights and Shapes; Part D - Sound and Light signals; and Part E - Exemptions. There are also four Annexes containing technical requirements concerning lights and shapes and their positioning; sound signalling appliances; additional signals for fishing vesls when operating in clo proximity, and international distress signals.
Part A - General (Rules 1-3)
Rule 1states that the rules apply to all vesls upon the high as and all waters connected to the high as and navigable by agoing vesls.
Rule 2 covers the responsibility of the master, owner and crew to comply with the rules.
Rule 3 includes definitions.
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Part B- Steering and Sailing (Rules 4-19)
Section 1 - Conduct of vesls in any condition of visibility (Rules 4-10) Rule 4 says the ction applies in any condition of visibility.
Rule 5 requires that "every vesl shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.
Rule 6 deals with safe speed. It requires that: "Every vesl shall at all times proceed at a ". The Rule describes the factors which should be taken into account in determining safe speed. Several of the refer specifically to vesls equipped with radar.The importance of using "all available means" is further stresd in Rule 7 covering risk of collision, which warns that "assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially电脑综合症
scanty radar information"
Rule 8 covers action to be taken to avoid collision.
In Rule 9 a vesl proceeding along the cour of a narrow channel or fairway is obliged to keep "as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable." The same Rule obliges a vesl of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vesl not to impede the passage of a vesl "which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway."
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The Rule also forbids ships to cross a narrow channel or fairway "if such crossing impedes the passage of a vesl which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway." The meaning "not to impede" was classified by an amendment to Rule 8 in 1987. A new paragraph (f) was added, stressing that a vesl which was required not to impede the passage of another vesl should take early action to allow sufficient a room for the safe passage of the other vesl. Such vesl was obliged to fulfil this obligation also when taking avoiding action in accordance with the steering and sailing rules when risk of collision exists.
Rule 10 of the Collision Regulations deals with the behaviour of vesls in or near traffic paration schemes adopted by the Organization. By regulation 8 of Chapter V (Safety of Navigation) of SOLAS, IMO is recognized as being the only organization competent to deal with international measures concerning the routeing of ships.
The effectiveness of traffic paration schemes can be judged from a study made by the International Association of Institutes of Navigation (IAIN) in 1981. This showed that between 1956 and 1960 there were 60 collisions in the Strait of Dover; twenty years later, following the introduction of traffic paration schemes, this total was cut to only 16.
In other areas where such schemes did not exist the number of collisions ro sharply. New traffic paration schemes are introduced regularly and existing ones are amended when necessary to respond to changed traffic conditions. To enable this to be done as quickly as possible the MSC has been authorized to adopt and amend traffic paration schemes on behalf of the Organization. Rule 10 states that ships crossing traffic lanes are required to do so "as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow." This reduces confusion to other ships as to the crossing vesl's intentions and cour and at the same time enables that vesl to cross the lane as quickly as possible.
Fishing vesls "shall not impede the passage of any vesl following a traffic lane" but are not banned from fishing. This is in line with Rule 9 which states that "a vesl engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vesl navigating within a narrow channel or fairway."In 1981 the regulations were amended. Two new paragraphs were added to Rule 10 to exempt vesls whic
h are restricted in their ability to manoeuvre "when engaged in an operation for the safety of navigation in a traffic paration scheme" or when engaged in cable laying.
In 1987 the regulations were again amended. It was stresd that Rule 10 applies to traffic paration schemes adopted by the Organization (IMO) and does not relieve any vesl of her obligation under any other rule. It was also to clarify that if a vesl is obliged to cross traffic lanes it should do so as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of the traffic flow. In 1989 Regulation 10 was further amended to clarify the vesls which may u the "inshore traffic zone."
Section II - Conduct of vesls in sight of one another (Rules 11-18)
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Rule 11 says the ction applies to vesls in sight of one another.
Rule 12 states action to be taken when two sailing vesls are approaching one another.
Rule 13covers overtaking - the overtaking vesl should keep out of the way of the vesl being overtaken.
Rule 14 deals with head-on situations. Crossing situations are covered by Rule 15 and action to be t
aken by the give-way vesl is laid down in Rule 16.
Rule 17 deals with the action of the stand-on vesl, including the provision that the stand-on vesl may "take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vesl required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action.
Rule 18 deals with responsibilities between vesls and includes requirements for vesls which shall keep out of the way of others.
Section III - conduct of vesls in restricted visibility (Rule 19)
Rule 19states every vesl should proceed at a safe speed adapted to prevailing circumstances and restricted visibility. A vesl detecting by radar another vesl should determine if there is risk of collision and if so take avoiding action. A vesl hearing fog signal of another vesl should reduce
energy什么意思speed to a minimum.
Part C Lights and Shapes (Rules 20-31)
Rule 20 states rules concerning lights apply from sunt to sunri.Rule 21 gives definitions.
Rule 22 covers visibility of lights - indicating that lights should be visible at minimum ranges (in nautical miles) determined according to the type of vesl. Rule 23 covers lights to be carried by power-driven vesls underway.
Rule 24 covers lights for vesls towing and pushing.
Rule 25 covers light requirements for sailing vesls underway and vesls under oars.
Rule 26 covers light requirements for fishing vesls.
Rule 27 covers light requirements for vesls not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre.
元旦快乐英语Rule 28 covers light requirements for vesls constrained by their draught. Rule 29 covers light requirements for pilot vesls.
knowhowRule 30 covers light requirements for vesls anchored and aground.Rule 31 covers light requirements for aplanes
Part D - Sound and Light Signals (Rules 32-37)
Rule 32 gives definitions of whistle, short blast, and prolonged blast.
Rule 33 says vesls 12 metres or more in length should carry a whistle and a bell and vesls 100 metres or more in length should carry in addition a gong. Rule 34 covers manoeuvring and warning signals, using whistle or lights. Rule 35 covers sound signals to be ud in restricted visibility.
Rule 36 covers signals to be ud to attract attention.
Rule 37 covers distress signals.
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