Colonial Period:
1.American Puritanism
it comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century. Original sin, predestination（预言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism. And, hard-working, piousness（虔诚，尽职），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praid.
Romanticism Period:
2.Romanticism: the literature term was first applied to the writers of the心理疾病的自我治疗
18th century in Europe who broke away from the formal rules of classical writing. When it was ud in American literature it referred to the writers of the middle of the 19th century who stimulated（刺激）the ntimental emotions of their readers. They wrote of the mysterious of life, love, birth and death. The Romantic writers expresd themlves freely and without restraint. They wrote all kinds of materials, poetry, essays, plays, fictions, history, works of travel, and biography.
3.Gothic tradition (哥特传统): Gothic novel or Gothic romance is a story
of terror and suspen, usually t in a gloomy old castle or monastery. In an extended n, many novels do not have a medievalized tting, but which share a comparably sinister, grotesque, or claustrophobic atmosphere have been clasd as Gothic. It contributed to the new emotional climate of Romanticism.
te quiero2012年欧洲杯主题曲4.Transcendentalism (先验说，超越论): is a philosophic and literary
canada day
截稿日期movement that flourished in New England, particular at Concord, as a reaction against Rationalism and Calvinism (理性主义and喀尔文主义). Mainly it stresd intuitive understanding of God, without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind. The reprentative writers are Emerson and Thoreau.
5.Stream of consciousness（意识流）：It is one of the modern literary
techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first ud in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Tho novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly。
eros6.American Renaissance: American Renaissance sometimes is given to
a flourishing of distinctively American literature in the period before
the Civil War. This renaissance is reprented by the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson, H.D. Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Walt Whitman. Its major works are Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter(《红字》), Melville’s Moby Dick(《白鲸》), and Whitman’s Leaves of Grass(《草叶集》). The American Renaissance may be regarded as a delayed manifestation of Romanticism,
especially in European’s philosophy of Transcendentalism.
7.American Enlightenment 美国启蒙运动：Enlightenment is a
philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the u of reason to scrutinize previously accepted doctrines and traditions and that brought about many humanitarian reforms. The American Enlightenment is a term sometimes employed to describe the intellectual culture of the British North American colonies and the early United States. It is commonly dated from 1750-1820. Among the leading intellectual figures of this period are Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
8.Free V er自由体诗歌: Free ver is a form of poetry that does not
u consistent meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern. It thus tends to follow the rhythm of natural speech.
Realism Period:
9.The Gilded Age: it was coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley
Warner in their 1873 book. The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. In American history, the Gilded Age refers to substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America’s upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century.
10.P sychological Realism心里现实主义:Psychological Realism is a
genre which places more than the usual amount of emphasis on interior characterization, and on the motives, circumstances and internal action which springs from and develops external action. The psychological realism is not content to state what happens but goes on to explain the motivation of this action. This type of writing character and characterization are more than usually important, and they often delve deeper in to the mind of a character than novels of other genres.
scripting
11.L ocal Colorism: as a trend became dominant in American literatureellen什么意思
in the 1860s and early 1870s，it is defined by Hamlin Garland as having such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone el than a native stories of local colorism have a quality of circumstantial(详细的) authenticity(确实性), as local colorists tried to immortalize(使不朽) the distinctive natural, social and linguistic features. It is characteristic of vernacular(本国语) language and satirical(讽刺的) humorvika
12.A merican Realism: In American literature, the Civil War brought the
Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence.
It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and ntimentalism.
bestregards是什么意思
Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It express the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an
objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience
13.N aturalism:American naturalism was a new and harsher realism.
American naturalism had been shaped by the war; by the social upheavals（剧变）that undermined the comforting faith of an earlier age. America’s literary naturalists dismisd the validity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, prenting characters of low social and economic class who were determined by their environment and heredity. Although naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.
Modernism Period:
14.I magism（意象派）: It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S.
flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording. The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell.
15.M odernism(现代主义): It was a complex and diver (复杂多样的)
international movement in all the creative arts (创造性艺术), originating about the end of the 19th century. It provided （出现）the greatest creative renaissance of the 20th century. It was made up of
