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突破2020-2022高考英语专题：语法填空和短文改错(有解析)

更新时间:2023-06-12 18:40:24 阅读：评论：0

突破2020-2022高考英语专题：语法填空和短文改错

语法填空和短文改错都是高考英语中重要的试题，它们都能检查学生的英语基础掌握情况，尤其是语法知识的掌握情况。本专题分为三讲：第一讲语法填空，第二讲短文改错，第三讲不可不知的20条语法规则；最后是专题专项集训。

第一讲　语法填空

语法填空重在语境中考查考生的综合语言运用能力。它是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语文章中，在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上，挖去10个空所为，这10个空根据有无提示词可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种。

【了解命题规律】

从近三年高考来看，语法填空的考点分布如下：

一、有提示词类：设置7个小题

高频考点	谓语动词	1～2题：考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。
	非谓语动词	1～3题：考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
	派生词	1～3题：考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
	名词	0～1题：主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类	0～1题：主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。

低频考点,代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。

二、无提示词类：设置3个小题

高频考点	介词	0～1题：重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。
	冠词	0～1题：重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。
	从属关联词	scrath0～2题：侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句的引导词也偶有涉及。
低频解方程的方法考点	并列连词	0～1题：并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
低频解方程的方法考点	其他	0～1题：包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do，does，did；构成部分倒装的do，does，did；构成一般疑问句的do，does，did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before，ago，however，)等。

【掌握备考策略】

一　如何应对提示词为动词题

【思维流程】

[示例1]	(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65. (report) increas in bear sightings around human ttlements，leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing.	分析：分析句子结构可知，缺少谓语，故应填谓语动词。由时间状语“In recent years”可知，句子用现在完成时；再由主语“some Inuit people”可知，谓语动词应用复数形式，故谓语动词用have reported。
[示例2]	(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68. (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69.a joke.	分析：分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词got，空处应填非谓语动词。再由句意可知，say与前面的a call之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a call。

二　如何应对提示词为其他词题

【思维流程】

[示例1]	(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart dia and early deaths from all 67. (cau).	分析：cau表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，且前面有all修饰，故填cau的复数形式caus。
[示例2]	(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many 67. (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68.hugely(huge) popular with tourists.	分析：所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。
[示例3]	(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62. (poor) studied.	分析：此处修饰动词studied，故应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。
[示例4]	(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 67.noting(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human ttlements，leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68. (high) than they actually are.	分析：根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。
[示例5]	(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68.thx是什么意思 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69.meant(mean) me no real harm.	分析：分析句子结构可知，此处作find的宾语，alive为宾语补足语，故此处要用人称代词的宾格。故填them。
[示例6]	(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68. (it) mother.	分析：根据空格后的名词mother及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知此处作定语，要用形容词性物主代词its。

三　如何应对纯空格题

【思维流程】

[示例1]the catcher in the rye	全球最丑十大建筑(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods 63. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.	分析：a method of/for doing sth做某事的方法。
[示例2]	(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was arching 67. the three western lowland gorillas I’d been obrving.	分析：arch for意为昆明新东方“寻找”，为固定搭配，故填介词for。
[示例3]	(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of 69. nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining，six 70.are(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.	英文艺术字分析：此处特指确认的19个北极熊亚种群，故用定冠词英语报the。
[示例4]	(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68.saying(say) she was short-listed，we thought it was 69. joke.	分析：joke“笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke，故其前用a。
[示例5]	(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using 67. every day.	分析：指代前句中的the railway，故填it。
[示例6]	(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia，especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，61. Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.	分析：这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用and。
[示例7]	(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，62. she opened with her late husband Les.	分析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which。
[示例8]	(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)广州大一While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence 61. they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.	分析：分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。

【即时训练】

As the rain starts to pound on the windows，you may find your dog hiding under a low piece of furniture or in the corner of a dark room.It’s not unusual for a dog to attempt 1. (become)grounded during storms by eking 2. lowest place in the hou or some place near the hou’s pipes.

But why？As you might suspect，noi is one of the 3. (reason).Thunderstorms can frighten dogs with noi phobia，4. is a vere fear of loud nois.Noi phobias can start at any age and worn over time if 5. (leave)untreated.

Another reason is static electricity(静电).During a thunderstorm，static electricity in the clouds builds up，eventually 6. (burst)into lightning.Dogs can n this static electricity，and often even before the storm reaches our own neighbourhood.Static electricity 7. (feel)by dogs through their fur.It could be 8. (help)to gently lead

your dog to the bathroom and into the bathtub as the porcelain(瓷器)may 9. (actual)help block static electricity.

At the same time，try not to take care 10. your dog too much.Otherwi，your dog may think that its behavior is something you’d like to e again.

【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了狗害怕暴风雨的原因及狗的主人可采取的应对办法。

疟子1.to become　[考查非谓语动词。attempt to do sth意为“企图做某事”。]

2.the　[考查定冠词。形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。]

3.reasons　[考查名词复数。由one of the可知，设空处需填名词的复数形式，故填reasons。]

4.which　[考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰noi phobia，且在从句中作主语，故填which。]

5.left　[考查非谓语动词。if从句常省去主语(与主句主语相同时)be动词，此处省略they are，故填left。]

6.bursting　[考查非谓语动词。static electricity与burst之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且设空处表意料之中的结果，故填bursting。]

7.is felt　[考查时态和语态。由by dogs可知，Static electricity与feel之间是被动关系，且此处描述客观情况，故填is felt。]

8.helpful　[考查形容词。设空处作表语，且句子意为“小心地把你的狗领到澡盆里可能会有用”，故填helpful。]

9.actually　[考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词help，故填副词actually。]

10.of　[考查介词。take care of意为“照顾”。]

(2019·重庆市七校联考)As the effects of global warming，rising a levels and natural dis

asters become more rious 1. before，and some local communities are taking action.Among them is one community in Florida 2. local people and government officials are proving successful in protecting 3. (coast)cities from the dangers of rising a levels.

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