ACCA重点讲解--p1
Session 1
Management and Team Development
1 The organization of work
1.1 Organisation
The term ‘organisation’ can be ud in two ways.
- It can refer to a group or institution arranged for efficient work. To organize implies that there is an arrangement of parts or elements that produces more than a random collection.
- Organisation can also refer to a process. i.e. structuring and arranging the activities of the
comb
enterpri or institution to achieve the stated objectives. The very word organization implies that there is order or structure.
1.1 What makes an organization?
Organisations:
- Are made up of PEOPLE
- Exist to achieve give PURPOSES or objectives
- Have some form of STRUCTURE that defines and regulates the behaviour of the members.
An organization is a ‘social arrangement for controlled performance of collective goals’.
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1.1 The need for organizations
There are many reasons why organizations exist:
- They satisfy social needs. People join organizations becau they consider that they will be more cure, more successful, have more needs and wants satisfied and be better off.
全国研究生报名- Organisations exist primarily becau they are more efficient at fulfilling needs than individuals. The main reason for this is the ability to employ the techniques of specilisation and the division of labour.
直流电Specialisation occurs when organizations or individual workers concentrate on a limited type of activity. This allows them to build up a greater level of skill and knowledge than they would if they attempted to be good at everything.
Division of labour is where each worker specializes in only one small aspect of the total process. This benefits the employer in three ways:
2 1.1 Classifications of organizations
Classification highlight similarities and differences among organizations. It can be bad on:
- Size e.g. number of employees, volume of sales, profits earned
- Profit motive e.g. commercial or charitable
- Legal sole trader, partnership and limited company
- directors, trustees, shareholders
- public (government owned) or private
3 Question 1
Required
a) Briefly explain what is meant by the term organization . (7 marks)
b) Give the main reasons why organization exist. (8 marks)
(15 marks)
Answer Plan
4 2010年高考英语作文1.1 Organisation and Structure
Organisation structure is the specific pattern of relationship that managers create. It is a framework in which organizational activities are divided, organized and co-ordinated.
There are four building blocks of organization work are:
vocal是什么意思- Division of labour
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- Departmentalisation: the grouping of tasks and employees into a department
- Hierarchy: the linking of departments with specification of reporting lines
雅思口语话题题库范文- Co-ordination: the mechanism for integrating departmental activities into a coherent whole for effectiveness and efficiency.
5 i will be thereHenry Mintzberg
He suggested that organizational structures of building blocks and co-ordinating mechanisms which make up the detailed configuration of the organization. His five building blocks are shown in the diagram below.
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The importance and relative size of the blocks will very across organizations:
- The operating core reprents the basic productive work of the organization. E.g. shop-floor staff in a manufacturing organization. They are directly involved in the process of obtaining inputs, and converting them into outputs.
- The strategic apex refers to the higher levels of management who ensures the organization follows its mission. They manage the organization’s relationship with the environment.
- The middle line is the intermediate levels of management. They convert the desires of the strategic apex into the work done by the operating core.
- The technostructure refers to staff who provide a technical input without being directly engaged in core activities. This category might include the following:
Ø Analyrs determine the best way of doing a job
Ø Planners determine outputs (TQM)
Ø Personnel analysts standardize skills and training
Ø Accountants provide management reports for budget control
- The support staff provide rvices ancillary to the core operations of the organization. e.g. public relations, legal counl. They do not plan or standardize production.
1.1 The organization hierarchy
The chain of command is the organizations formal management the chain of superiors from the lowest to the highest rank. Formal communication runs up and dow
n the lines of authority.
The span of control refers to the numbers of subordinates reporting directly to a superior official. Organsations with a narrow span of control are able to exerci greater control from the top with little delegation.
The span of control is influenced by:
- Manager’s capabilities: physical and mental
- Nature of manager’s workload
- Geographical dispersion: from HQ to local operation
- Subordinate’s work: how routine/similar is the work
- Nature of problems: how critical and the resources and experti required to solve the problem
- Interaction between subordinates
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Clo group cohesion/teamwork
罗莎帕克斯- Help received from other parts of the organization
A tall organization is one which, in relation to its size, has a large number of levels of hierarchy. This implies a narrow span of control.
A flat organization is one which, in relation to its size, has a small number of hierarchical levels. This implies a wide span of control.
Organisation charts are diagrammatic illustrations of the formal relationships and communication flow between positions within an organization. Their purpo is to show:
cris- directions of responsibility: the chart indicates the direct relationship between a group and its immediate superior and subordinates
- relationships: charts can show the relationship between the various units and the place of line, functional and staff units
