Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 9 (2021) 303-307
doi: 10.17265/2328-2150/2021.09.004
Morphological Characteristics of the Artery of the Atrioventricular Node by Congenital Heart Defects
Spirina Galina and Metelkina Christina
Department of Human Anatomy, Ural State Medical University, Street Repina 3, Sverdlovsk Region, Yekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
Abstract:The objective of the work is to study the topographic and anatomical characteristics of the atrioventricular node’s artery in complex congenital heart defects. The material for the work was the following: 44 specimens including hearts of fetus and children of the first three years having congenital defects and 50 specimens of the hearts of a similar age with normal development as the control.
A complex of generally accepted morphological methods was ud to identify the conductive system of the heart, its blood supply. According to the data obtained given congenital heart defects, the artery of the atrioventricular node aris from an artery, that determines the type of blood supply to the heart. Wi
th the full form of the common atrioventricular canal, th e prence of the “U” –shaped bend of the coronary artery at the point of departure of the atrioventricular artery from it is inconstant, which is apparently due to the localization of the atrioventricular node in the embryonic position. The intensity of the lateral branches from the artery of the atrioventricular node to the heart partitions is determined by the hemodynamic features with congenital heart defects.
attitudesKey words: Congenital heart defects, structure of the artery of the atrioventricular node.
1. Introduction 1
hear me cry
In surgical practice, complications associated with trauma to the conduction system or the vesls that supply it still exist. One of the main sources of blood supply to the hearts’ conduction system is the artery of the atrioventricular node (AVN). The study of atrioventricular node vascularization has important implications for the significant frequency and verity of coronary atherosclerotic process. One of the caus of the development of complete atrioventricular blockade in the elderly
销售二八法则is sclerosis of the atrioventricular node artery. Knowledge of this issue is necessary for successful surgical correction of this pathology and investigating the caus of postoperative conduction disorders [1-10]. The aim of this work is to study the topographic and anatomical characteristics of the atrioventricular node’s artery in patients with complex congenital heart defects.
Corresponding authors:Galina A Spirina, Ph.D., rearch field:cardiovasculardia.E-mail:*********************.2. Material and Methods
Of the 94 heart preparations, 44 were fetal hearts, 1 children of the first three years having congenital defects (full form of common atrioventricular canal, fallot tetralogy, hypoplastic left heart syndrom, the combination of interventricular ptal defect with common arterial trunk) and 50 specimens of the hearts of a similar age with normal development as the control.
A widely accepted complex morphological method for identifying the conduction system is ud to detect and analyze perfusion of the heart and its vesls. The u method is as follows:
•injection of the coronary arteries with contrast mass
•radiography
•macro-microscopic preparation
•clarification
•making of the rial histological ctions
3. Results and Discussion
According to the data obtained given congenital heart defects (CHD), the artery of the atrioventricular
All Rights Rerved.
Morphological Characteristics of the Artery of the Atrioventricular Node by Congenital Heart Defects
304
Fig. 1 Arising of the atrioventricular node artery: (1) AVN artery from right coronary artery (the fragment of radiogram);
(2) first interventricular ptal branch; (3) anterior interventricular branch from the left coronary artery;
(4) posterior interventricular branch from the right coronary artery; (5) atrioventricular node; (6) atrioventricular bundle; (7) left bundle; (8) right coronary artery.
Fig. 2 Cleared slide of the atrioventricular node (3) and its artery (2).
node aris from the artery that determines the type of blood supply to the heart. In the all age groups right coronary artery was a dominant source of the AVN artery origin (Figures 1, 2).
In the prence with the full form of common atrioventricular canal, the prence of the “U”–shaped bend of the coronary artery in the area of heart crest inconstant, which is apparently due to the location of the atrioventricular node in the embryonic position (Fig.3).
The ratio of the artery of the atrioventricular node to the defect edge is determined by the location of the latter. The defect is located anterior and upward from the AVN artery with the full form of the common atrioventricular canal, if there is a condary atrial ptal defect, the AVN artery pass under its lower edge (Fig. 4). The AVN artery is a source of branches to the interatrial ptum, to the sinus part of the interventricular ptum, to the low wall of the coronary sinus, to the atrioventricular node and its bundle with bundles (Table 1). The intensity of the lateral branches from the AVN artery to the heart partitions is determined by the hemodynamic features with CHD. The occurrence of larg
e branches from the artery of the atrioventricular node to the posterior wall of the right atrium and the myocardium of the interventricular ptum was detected by the fallot tetralogy (Figures 5, 6, Table 2).
All Rights Rerved.
hence
Morphological Characteristics of the Artery of the Atrioventricular Node by Congenital Heart Defects 305
Fig. 3 “U”-shaped bend of the coronary artery at the point of departure of AVN artery (2). Cleared preparation.
All Rights Rerved.
Fig. 4 The ratio of the AVN artery (1) to the edge of the defect (2) in the full form of the common atrioventricular canal.
Cleared preparation.
fiata
Table 1 Branches of the AVN artery in the hearts without congenital defects.
No Branches %
1 To the interatrial ptum 41.8
2 To the posterior part of interventricular ptum sine region 19.4
3 To the low wall of the coronary sinus 7.8
4 To the atrioventricular node and its bundle with branches
Table 2 Branches of the AVN artery with congenital heart defects.
No Branches %
1 Simultaneous prence of all branches 10.7
2 Before the terminal branching of the artery of the atrioventricular node, one of the branches departs 38.8
bread怎么读
Morphological Characteristics of the Artery of the Atrioventricular Node by Congenital Heart Defects
306
Fig. 5 Pronounced development of a branch to the atrial ptum from the AVN artery in tetralogy of fallot. Cleared preparation.
Fig. 6 The ratio branches of the artery AVN (8) and the first interventricular ptal branch (6) to defect (2) at tetralogy of Fallot. Cleared preparation.
4. Conclusions
The morphological characteristics of the artery atrioventricular node are determined by the type of congenital heart dia and the features of hemodynamic.
The verity of the lateral branches from the artery of the atrioventricular node to the ptum of the heart is determined by the peculiarities of hemodynamic changes in congenital heart defects.
In the prence of the full form of the common atrioventricular canal, the prence of an “U” – shaped bend of the coronary artery at the point of departure of the AVN artery from it is inconstant, which is apparently due the localization of the atrioventricular node in the embryonic position.
It was noted that the sinuous artery of the atrioventricular node is enlarged.
There is a pronounced variability in the nature of branching and distribution of the branches of the AVN artery.Since 20 weeks of gestation the significant individual variability of AVN artery parameters were
All Rights Rerved.
Morphological Characteristics of the Artery of the Atrioventricular Node by Congenital Heart Defects 307
shown. The AVN artery length was dependent from evidence of “U” shaped coronary artery curve in the area of heart crest.
2012年6月英语六级真题及答案References
[1]Anderson, R. H., et al. “Morphology of congenital heart
dia”. Angiocardiographic, echocardiographic and surgical correlates / Ed. C. Hou. – London, (1983): 149.
[2]Clarke, J. A. 1965. “An X-ray Microscopic Study of the
巴拉拉小魔仙之彩虹心石全集
Arterial Supply to the Conducting System of the Human Heart.” British Heart Journal 27 (6): 879-83.
[3]Dabizzi, R. P., et al. 1980. “Distribution and Anomalies
of Coronary Arteries in Tetralogy of Fallot.” Circulation
61 (1): 95-102.
[4]Dickinson, D. F., et al. 1982. “Variations in morphology
of the Ventricular Septal Defect and Disposition of the Atrioventricular Conduction Tissues in Tetralogy of Fallot.” Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 30 (4): 243-9.
同济大学自考
[5]Feldt, R. H., et al. 1970. “The Atrioventricular
Conduction System in Persistent Common Atrioventricular
Cannal Defect.” Circulation 42 (3): 437-44.
[6]Goor, D. A., and Lillehei, C. W. 1975. “Congenital
Malformations of the Heart: Embryology, Anatomy and Operative Considerations.” New York: Grune & Stratton pp. 324.
[7]Latham, R. A., and Anderson, R. H. 1972. “A natomical
Variations in Atrioventricular Conduction System with Referenct to Ventricular Septal Defects.”British Heart Journal 34 (2): 185-190.
[8]Meng, C. C., et al. 1965. “Coronary Artery Distribution
in Tetralogy of Fallot.” Arch Surg 90: 363-6.
[9]Spirina, G. A. 2011. “Individual Variability of the
Atrioventricular Node Artery.” Available from: XX National Congress of the Bulgarian Anatomical Society and IX International Symposium of Clinical Anatomy.
Scripta Scientifica Medica, Copyright Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria, 43 (2): 102.
[10]Spirina, G. A. 2020. “Blood Supply to the Conducting
System of the Heart in Complex Types of Congenital Heart Defects.” Acta Scientific Medical Sciences4 (3): 81-84.
elaborate
All Rights Rerved.
