专题四 名词性从句
◆名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词whatbiyang/who/which/who/
whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when困境英语/why/how/wherever/whenever。
1．that的用法。
(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
The report that there will be a vere storm in the northern area is fal.
(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：(A)
当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；(C)介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；(D)当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。
He judged that，becau he was a child，he did not understand wine.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
(3)that和what的区别。
that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”，即常说的“先行词＋that对外汉语教师资格证”。
It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake.
I will do what I can (do) to help him.北京出国留学中介
(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
They expresd the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)
The hope they expresd is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句)
2．whether和if的用法。
(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。
It all depends on whether they will come back.
(2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。
I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。
The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。
Thank you，but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管default什么意思”、“无论”，而if不能。
Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.
3．疑问词＋ever和no matter＋疑问词的区别。
(1)疑问词＋ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choo whatever you like in the shop.
(2)疑问词＋ever还可引导让步状语从句。
Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.
Whatever you do，you must do it well.
(3)no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.
No matter who comes late，he must be punished.
4．when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。
They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句)
This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)
◆主语从句的考查要点
1．主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
2．that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“……blc的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。
That she will succeed is certain.
→It is certain that she will succeed.
What he needs is more experience.
常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：
(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句
It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that从句
It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advid，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)＋that从句
It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.
(4)It＋特殊动词(em，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句
It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
注意：(1)在“It is necessary/important/＋that从句banana”结构中，从句谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。
(2)在“It＋be＋suggested/advid/ordered/requested/＋that从句”cathou结构中，that从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形pace”。
题组训练1
用适当的连接词填空
1．What_Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
2．It is obvious that you’ve made a big mistake.
3．It was never clear that the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
4．Why he did that wasn’t quite clear.
5．It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
新东方日语
