1. peanutbutterQ: What is the scope of linguistics?
The scope of linguistics can be illustrated as:
1) Gleakeneral linguistics: the study of language as whole. It 酒店工程deals with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.
2) Phonetics: the study of sounds ud in communication.
3) Phonology: the study about how sounds are put together and ud to convey meaning in communication.
4) Morphology: the study of the way in which symbols/morphemes are arranged to form words.
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5铅笔英语怎么读) Syntax: the study of the rules about the combination of words to form permisible ntences.
6) Semantics: the study of meaning.
7) Pragmatics: the study of meaning in the context of u.
And the Interdisciplinary branches.
1) Sociolinguistics
2) Psycholinguistics ……………
2. Q: What makes modern linguistics different from traditional grammar?
Modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar in veral basic ways: firstly, modern linguistics is descriptive, it describes the language as it is; while traditional grammar is prescriptive, it prescribes the way language should be ud. Secondly, modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, not the written. Then, modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar also in that it does not force languages into a latin-bad framework.
3. Q: What is a phone? How is it different from a phoneme? How are allophones related to a phoneme?
A phone is a phonetic unit or gment.
A phoneme is a phonological unit; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit. It is not any particular sound.
The different phones which can reprent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that phoneme.
4. Q: Explain with examples the quential rule, the assimilation rule and the deletion rule?
1) Sequential rules form the letters as “k, h ,l ,j” into all possible words in English. We might order them as: blik, klib, bilk, kilb.abc news without other orders. So it indicates that there are rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language. One special quential rule that……
2) Assimilation rule: it assimilates one sound to another by copying a feather of a quential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. For example: “illegal”, inlegal
3) Deletion rule: It can be stated as: delete a [g] when it occurs bef学日语哪里好ore a final nasal consonant.人际交往技巧 for example: “designation”, the [g] reprented by the letter “g” is pronounced, while in the word “sign”. /g/ sound is deleted, becau it is followed by and ended with the nasal consonant /n/.
5. Q: What are the major types of synonyms in English?
There are five types of synonyms in English. They are dialectal synonyms--synonyms ud in different regional dialects; stylistics synonyms –synonyms differing in style; synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning; collocational synonyms; mantically different synonyms.
6. Q: Explain with examples “Homonymy”, “Polymy”, and “Hyponymy”?
Homonymy (定义) … . It includes homophones(定义) (piece\peace) , homographs (定义) (bow v.\ bow n.) and complete homonyms (定义) (scale n.\scale v.) .
Polymy means that the same one word may have more that one meaning. For exampl
e: “table”, has at least ven meanings.
Hyponymy means that the n relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word. For example: “furniture” is super-ordinate, its hyponyms are bed, table, desk, dresr, wardrobe, ttee……
7. Q: How can words opposite in meaning be classified? To which category does each of the following pairs of antonyms belong?
There are three types oppositions in meaning. They are gradable antonyms, complementary antonyms and relational opposites.
“north\south”, “wide\narrow” and “poor\rich” belong to gradable antonyms; “vacant\occupied” and “literate\illiterate” belong to complementary antonyms; “above\below”, “doctor\patient” and “father\daughter” belong to relational opposites.
8. Q: legendaryHow are ntence meaning and utterance meaning related, and how do they differ?
The meaning of a ntence is abstract, and de-contextualized, that of an utterance is concrete, and context-dependent. The meaning of an utterance is bad on ntence meaning; it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a ntence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context.新动力学校
