大学生人际交往专题八 动词和动词短语
动词的基本形式和分类(必考,选择填空、完形填空、选词填空、单词拼写考查)
选择填空。
(B)1.(2021柳州改编)He________ like his brother.
A.look B.looks C.looking D.looked
(C)2.It ________ dark. Shall I turn on the light?
A.gets B.got
C.is getting D.was getting
( D )3.—________ Jack usually drink milk?
—Yes,he ________.He likes it very much.
A.Do;is B.Do;do
ckm是什么意思C.Does;is D.Does;does
( B )4.Yesterday afternoon,Tom and I ________ to a zoo.
A.go B.went C.going D.goes
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
5.Mrs. Li came into the classroom,__carrying__(carry) a book under her arm.
6.He was drunk and lying(lie) on the street.
7.She sat there quietly __reading__(read) a novel.
8.In the past,my grandparents_ _lived__(live) in an old and small hou.
1.动词的基本形式
(1)规则变化
动词形式 | npa构成方法 | 例词 |
原形 | | run,watch,im软件study… |
第三人称单数 | 一般情况下,在动词原形后加s | run—runs |
以s,x,裁判的英文ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾加es | watch—watches go—goes |
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,改y为i,再加es | study—studies |
现在分词 | 一般情况下,在动词原形后加ing | study—studying |
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词去掉e再加ing | make—making |
以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母,再加ing | stop—stopping |
少数以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y,再加ing | die—dying |
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续表
动词形式 | 构成方法 | 例词 |
过去式和过去分词 | 一般情况下,在动词原形后加ed | work—worked— worked max a |
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,在词尾加d | live—lived—lived |
以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,改y为i,再加ed | cry—cried—cried |
以重读闭音节结尾,in your mind且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母,再加ed | stop—stopped— stopped |
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注意:常见的以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词有:begin,run,swim,get,put,sit,shop,cut等。
【助记口诀】开始(begin)跑步(run),然后游泳(swim),上岸拿来(get)衣服穿上(put)并坐下(sit)。打开电脑来购物(shop),学会比较会砍价(cut)。
(2)不规则变化
(详见《晨读背记手册》“不规则变化表”)
2.动词的分类
(1)实义动词
实义动词本身含有实际意义,表示动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语。按能否直接接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
(2)助动词
助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全,不能独立作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语,以表现时态、语态、人称和数等语法形式。此外助动词还可用来构成表否定、疑问或强调的句型。
(3)连系动词
连系动词,简称系动词,其本身没有实际意义。系动词不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构作句子的谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。常见的连系动词有:be,stay,keep,remain,feel,look,sound,taste,smell,become,get,turn,go等。
(4)情态动词
(详见“专题九 情态动词”)
动词词义及动词短语辨析(仅2019未考,选择填空、完形填空考查)
选择填空。
(B)1.Sam ________ a computer from me yesterday.
A.sold B.borrowed
C.lent D.returned
(B)2.Jim is going to join the Art Club becau he likes ________.
A.cooking B.drawing
C.running D.reading
(A)3.(2021常州)fectDon't ________ your child with others becau every child is a treasure.
A.compare B.complain
C.contact D.consider
(C)4.(2021青海改编)Mom is cooking chicken soup. It ________ so good.
yanny
A.sounds B.tastes
C.smells D.feels
(B)5.A lot of schools across China ________ starting class becau of COVID19.
A.put up B.put off
C.put on D.put away
(B)6.(2021菏泽改编)—Is anything worth eing in Xi'an?
—Yes. Don't ________ the amazing Terracotta Army.
A.offer B.miss
C.share D.print
外甥英文(A)7.(2021南宁马山县一模)Sam wants to be a doctor like Zhong Nanshan when he ________.