1994 Passage 1
few The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterpri, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for tho goods and rvices that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce the goods and rvices 家务英语in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how the goods and rvices are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are ud to produce it.
倭蜂猴
An important factor in a market-orientedsinaweibo economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expresd and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices ri and fall in respons
e to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by ller-producers. If the products is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increa the supply offered by ller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.readplay
The important factor in a private-enterpri economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and rvices for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
51. In line 8, paragraph 1, "the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes" means ________.
[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes
[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes
[C] Americans want to have their incomes incread
珍惜所拥有的 [D] Americans want to increa the purchasing power of their incomes
52. The first two ntences in the cond paragraph tell us that ________.
[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production
[B] consumers can express their demands through producers
[C] producers decide the prices of products
[D] supply and demand regulate prices
53. According to the passage, a private-enterpri economy is characterized by ________.
[A] private property and rights concerned
[B] manpower and natural resources control
[C] ownership of productive resources
[D] free contracts and prices
54. The passage is mainly about ________.
[A] how American goods are produced
[B] how American consumers buy their goods
yytc [C] how American economic system works
[D] how American businessmen make their profits
重点词汇：
market-oriented上海三校生高复班（以市场为导向的）←market市场+orient定位+ed形容词后缀。
permit（v.许可；许可证）即per+mit，per-(=through)，mit词根“传送”，故“允许传送过去”→许可。同根词：admit（v.让……进入；承认）←ad(=to)+mit；emit（v.散发，发射）←e(=ex)+mit；transmit（v.传播；传导）←trans(=through)+mit。Liberty is the right to do whatever the laws permit.自由就是做法律允许的任何事的权利。
embrace （v.拥抱；包含）即em+brace，em-(=in)，brace词根“手臂”，故“使在手臂里”→拥抱→引申为“包含”。brace作单词意为“v.支撑n.支柱”←谐音“不累死”，因为累死就支撑不住了。Created by life, in definite circumstances, to act on definite things, how can it embrace life, of which it is merely an emanation or aspect?由生命创造，处于一定情况下，作用于一定事物，它（←指科学）只是生命的一种释放或一个方面，怎么能包括生命？
coupled with 与……相结合；篡夺的意思bid up 哄抬物价；gain control over michael怎么读获得对……的控制。
难句解析：
1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterpri, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for tho goods and rvices that they want most.
▲这是一个有定语从句和宾语从句的复杂句。首先要抓住的核心句为The American economic system is organized economy，economy前面的定语在开始阅读时可以不看。在economy后面是一个以in which引导的定语从句in which consumers largely determine，而这个从句中又有一个宾语从句what shall be produced。在定语从句中又有一个by引导的分词结构spending their money in the marketplace for tho goods and rvices that they want most作状语，说明消费者是如何决定应生产何种产品，而这个方式状语中又有一个定语从句that they want most。
△通过分析结构我们知道此句的所有意思都是围绕核心句的表语economy展开的，因此在阅读中应分层次，逐层理解对这一核心词的陈述，分清主次，全面理解。
