correct过去式现代大学英语精读4 lesson 6 Groundless Beliefs
6But if the staunchest Roman Catholic and the staunchest Presbyterian hand been exchanged when infants doubt what the result would have been but if they were exchanged when they were infants and brought up in different homes and under different influences then the staunchest Roman Catholic would be the staunchest Presbyterian and vice versa This shows that our beliefs are largely influenced by our surroundings Presbyterian a member of the Presbyterian Church a Protestant denomination when infants elliptical when they were infants 9If we had grown up in a community where polygamy or head-hunting or infanticide or gladiatorial and perfectly moral and proper Polygamy headhunting infanticide gladiatorial fighting and dueling are practiced only in some communities or practiced in certain historical times They are considered immoral improper and abnormal elwhere or in modern times For the meaning of polygamy headhunting etc e Notes to the Text Notice that the word community is often ud where in the Chine context it might be replaced by society Self –concern is the root of all evil Tho who work with their brain rule We are now living on the eve of world revolution Once we have enough food we will have nothing to worry about Class struggle is the key link Once you grasp it everything el will fall into place Many hands make light work We must save every penny to support our national reconstruction 12Much of what pass as such is not Most people most of the time are mere parrots What pass as such what people take as thinking
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According to the author most people most of the time are mere parrots They simply copy echo or repeat others ideas without question Notice that the author does not mean that we should not learn form others or benefit form the accumulated wisdom of the past The important thing is that all beliefs should be questioned reexamined and tested before we decide to accept or reject them The psychological reasons might be 1 new ideas require a great effort to discover and absorb and people have a natural tendency to be lazy the force of inertia 2 new ideas always threaten our n of curity and people usually prefer not to enter what they consider dangerous water the fear of the unknown 3 new ideas imply that our old ideas are wrong and people feel that they make them foolish They refu to accept them in order to save their ego 4 new ideas always put some vested interests in danger and people often reject them to cling on to tho interests 16But we should fully face the fact that beliefs which are merely inherited less than they know today So the fact that a belief is old is no argument in its favour One of our common mistakes is to accept beliefs simply on the merit of their long history But the author is right to say that the fact a belief is old is no argument in its favor There are many old prejudices which have been proved wrong However one might also add that the fact beliefs is new is no argument in its favor either becau it has not stood the test of time and is likely to pass like many fashionable things So we might u the authors own approach to classify his proposition that the fact a belief is old is no argument in its favor according t普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1
北京新航道o its grounds and we might say it is well –grounded becau it is true that many old ideas originated at a time when美国大法官金斯伯格去世
we knew much less than we do today But we can also say that it is not so well –grounded becau the fact that a belief is old sometimes does mean that it has been proved correct again and again in history 18 We should remember that the whole history of the development knowledge and reason Examples of such cas We ud to regard the following as obvious truth that the sun moves round the earth the earth is flat the moon is a huge lantern in the sky the stars we e are all twinkling at this particular moment the air is weightless there is always a king there are always slaves and slave-owners men are always stronger than women war is inevitable etc To break down to cea to be uful to fail to function to stop being acceptable In the light of in consideration of as a result of 27But we may extend the term to cover also his interest and goodwill be values To extend the term to extend the meaning of the word to understand the world in a broader n The author does not u the word interest in the material n only He include ones concern for position popularity fame respect love etc To be continued on the next page 29Putting it broadly we should always suspect any of our material or otherwi by changing our opinion If by changing our opinions we might lo something and therefore be unhappy we must be suspicious about the opinions and try to find out
考研英语二阅读答案whether we are not being blinded by our lf interest Notice that the author us the word suspect It means that it is always wrong to link an opinion with interest To be continued on the next page 30Somewhat similar is the acceptance of an opinion through the desire –probably not recognized by the person concerned – to justify his own nature his own position or his won behaviour We often accept an opinion
拨弄to justify or defend our weakness mistakes vulnerable positions or wrongdoings Here it is no longer the interest to gain but the interest to avoid losing certain things To be continued on the next page 31Many groundless opinions are held through ntimental associations The thought is associated with memories –pleasant or unpleasant as the ca may be – of particular persons who held similar opinion Very often we like or dislike an opinion becau it is held by somebody we like or dislike This is another common error The fact is that there is no correlation between the truthfulness of an opinion and the person who holds that opinion Nice and well –meaning people may have erroneous opinions whereas unpleasant people may hold correct opinions To be continued on the next page 32In adult life as we have often obrved a bitter quarrel may change a mans opinion entirely Antagonism to a man usually produces some antagonism to his opinions Antagonism hostility dislike hatred There was a time when we believed that we should oppo whatever our ene
mies supported and support whatever our enemies oppod This often proved to be wrong The author has told us why here To be continued on the next page 36Once an opinion is accepted whatever be the cau of its acceptance it has a strong tendency to persist Whatever be the cau of its acceptance whatever the cau of its acceptance may be no matter what the cau of its acceptance may be To persist to continue to exist or happen Old ideas die hard Thats why it is not uncommon for a person to enter a new century while his brain remains in the old century Only a few great intellects can think ahead of their time Most people suffer from mental inertia or cultural lag To be continued on the next page 37The brain path becomes so well worn the
attendpattern of bran –centres becomes so well connected up by continual u that the nerve current finds a route of practically no resistance and so it always takes almost exactly the same cour We tend to hold old ideas Its easy to fall into a rut becau they are familiar and make us feel cure and comfortable They are comfortable becau we are following the same brain path which offers no resistance and our thinking The author calls it nerve current tends to follow the easy path the way water flows along a cour which has the least resistance To be continued on the next page 39Put them on to the record about the good old days or and nothing on earth can stop him until the record has run out Put them on to the record and nothing can If you put them on to then nothing can Notiso easy是什么意思
锻炼口才ce that the conjunction and here introduces a clau of conquence If you start them talking about the things they will repeat themlves just like the playing if an old gramophone Good old days happy days in the past One favorite subject for many people is how everything ud to be better To be continued on the next page E L B T W Lesson 7 The Greatest Invention Lesson 6 Groundless Beliefs Part One ENTER One thing we all do every day is express our views state our beliefs or discuss our ideas we say to one another I think I believe Im convinced Im sure it goes without saying it s crystal clear it s as simple as ABC no doubt etc every day and often many times a day we may not be professional thinkers but we all do thinking as a habit we may not have reached the level of grade-one thinking but we cannot avoid thinking rightly or wrongly To be continued on the next page Introduction do we really know what we are doing though do we really know what it means when we say we are thinking do we really
