亨利·詹姆斯一向被文学史家归类为美国文学史上重要的现实主义作家之一，同时认定其小说创作在从现实主义转向现代主义的文学潮流过程中起到了承上启下的作用。其现实主义创作手法上的特点，与标准意义上的现实主义已经有了诸多歧义。本论文主要发掘了其在一些通常的现实主义创作手法中比较独特的品质。
本论文主要由四章构成。第一章对亨利·詹姆斯的独特的现实主义手法的发生、发展与流变进行了探讨，并对亨利·詹姆斯的现实主义主观选择性进行了分析：主要体现在审美选择上，他的审美选择，体现了他对唯美主义的真正态度，既统一又讽刺；他的经验选择，也就是对现实的选择，以伊莎贝尔的视角去体验现实生活，感悟人生的真谛，把主观性和经验完美地结合，体现了对现实的富有想象的转化。第二章对其独特的心理现实主义创作手法从三个方面进行了深刻的分析：揭示人物的内心世界；描述人物的心理变化；及展示人物意识。第三章对现实主义与浪漫主义冲突的倾向进行了分析，他向人们展示了一个令人信服而充满幻想的世界。第四章对产生这种独特现实主义的原因进行了分析。
通过分析，本文表现了亨利·詹姆斯的小说即体现了时代性，又具有与同时期作家相区别的独特品质。因此，亨利·詹姆斯的作品在从现实主义到现代主义过渡过程中起到了不可替代的作用。
关键字：亨利·詹姆斯 独创性 主观选择性 审美 心理现实主义
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Henry James is usually known as one of the most important realistic writers in the American literary history. Meanwhile the historian has admitted the effect of James’novel creation, which demonstrates the literary transition from realism to modernism. The features of James’realistic creative methods have prented a lot of ambiguity, compared with normal meaning of realism. This thesis mainly demonstrates his rare traits revealed in his realistic creative methods.
The thesis is compod of four chapters. The First Chapter mainly focus on the discussion of the commencement, improvement and evolution of Henry James’unique realistic approach, and the analysis of the subjective lectivity of Henry James’realism, especially the analysis of his choice of aesthetics. We can feel his true attitudes towards aestheticism—unity and satire. From his choice of experience, we can e that James regards the choice of experience as the choice of reality. In the unity of the subjectivity and the experience towards Isabel’s life, we can n the change from imagination to reality. The Second Chapter mainly analyzes his psychological realism from the following three aspects: revelation of the characters’inner world; depiction of the characters’psychological change and portrait of the characters’Consciousness. The Third Chapter attempts to study his romantic and realistic conflict in his novels, and shows the world, which is full of conviction and imagination. The Fourth Chapter analyzed the reasons of the forming of his uniqueness of realism.are you free tonight
By analyzing it, the thesis reflects the realism uniqueness in the novel of Henry James. At the same time, it is proved that the works of Henry James played an important role in the process transiting from traditional realism to modernism.
indierockKey words: Henry James Uniqueness Subjective Selectivity Aesthetics Psychological Realism
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Introduction
Henry James (1843-1916) is generally acknowledged to be one of the greatest novelists and critics in American history. He is the third major literary figure of his times besides Mark Twain and William Dean Howells. He created 22 novels, 113 tales, 7 plays, numerous literary criticisms, and two autobiographies. Henry James is a prolific writer. He produced a number of novels, among w hich the most important include Roderick Hudson (1876), The American (1877), Daisy Miller (1878), and The Portrait of a Lady (1887) which made him win international fame and revealed James’ fascination with his “international theme” and “international novel”. He also attempted to u various l
iterature forms and creative skills, themes and styles of literary creation. The genre of his works include: novel and short story, comment and play. He depicts the inter-personal relationships among his characters by his subtle tales. He compod a few novellas, such as the three great novels: The Wings of the Dove (1902), The Ambassadors (1903), and The Golden Bowl (1904), which reprented the summit of his art and thus constituted “the major pha” of his career. James’ contribution to literary criticism is immen. James’ literary critical idiom had made him exceptionally popular in the world of literary criticism. His criticism is a component part of his literary creation. His most outstanding contributions are The prefaces to the New York Edition and The Art of Fiction. Henry James was also known as the founder of psychological realism who believed that reality comes from the perspective of life. He put the descriptive techniques of the psychological novels into practice. Therefore his novels reflected the tendency of literature in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. It initiated the “stream of consciousness” writing style and marked the transition from traditional realism to modernism.
In abroad, there are a plenty of commentary and review about Henry James. During 1920s and 1930s, Henry James was criticized by some critics. For instance, Van Wyck Brooks said his American aesthetics was lack of reality of history. Vernon Louis Parrington protested against James’
s doubt and exploration of inner world. Besides, James was often labeled an aesthete. Jonathan Freedman, a professor at the University of Michigan, is well-known Jamesian scholar on analyzing the subject of his rich and subtle respon to the aesthetics at prent, such as his The Cambridge Companion to Henry James, which is well known to the
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readers.
In the 1930s, The Early Development of Henry James of Cornelia P. Kelley explored the critic Henry James. It symbolized the beginning resurgence of Henry James. And then, P. R. Blackmur’s The Art of the Novel and Hound and Horn’s Homage to Henry James were published. The Art of the Novel collected James’Prefaces to the New York Edition. Thirteen papers were collected in Homage to Henry James, e.g. “The Ambiguity of Henry James – by Edmund Wilson”. The paper ud psychoanalytic ideas of Sigmund Freud to analyze his “The Turn of the Screw”.
After the 1960s, he kept “the master’s” at. The critics developed towards all the directions and continual academic. In 1961, Wayne Booth’s Rhetoric of Fiction investigated “the point of view” and “implied author”. Dorothea Krook’s The Ordeal of Consciousness in Henry James gave an overview
of Philosophy and moral principles in The Portrait of a Lady. In the 1980s, The Phenomenology of Henry James by Paul Armstrong deals with the relationship between James’ novel and philosophic schools.
James’work was first translated into Chine in 1934. The study of him did not begin in China until the last two decades in twenti es century. His name is still quite strange to Chine readers. He was known to us only by Daisy Miller and The Portrait of a Lady. The two novels The Ambassadors and The Golden Bowl could hardly be appeal to the readers in China due to their complex and peculiar ntences structures. Xiao Qian was the first Chine scholar who made attentive study of Henry James and wrote literary reviews on James’s important novels and discusd James’writing skill and styles. Studies on Henry James’monographic were v ery little in the early 1990s. From 1994 to 1999,there were about 20 commentaries on the monographic. There are more and more studies of Henry James’ works after 2000 in China. The scholars’main interests were James’international theme, feminist studies of his female protagonists, and cultural perspectives, etc. There is Wang Qing’s Construction of “Americanness”in Henry James’Novel, Wei Zhongjun’s From Omniscient Point of View to Limited Point of View and by Chen Ping’s fictional theory study: A Study of Henry James’s Practical Criticism of Fiction.
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This thesis focus on discussing the commencement, improvement and evolution of Henry James’unique realistic methods. Realism is the mainstream of literary creation in the 5
