【英语干货】虚拟语气用法浓缩版
虚拟语气用法浓缩版
四级翻译预测英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气
01 带虚拟条件的虚拟语气
1. 真实条件句和非真实条件句
条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：
If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)
感叹句
If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)
2. 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型
(1) 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (woul
d, could, might)+动词原形”：
上海新东方学校If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你没有坐出租车)
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)
(2) 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：
If I had left sooner，I would have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) 【I had left缩写I’d left；I would have been缩写为I’d have been】
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)
(3) 若与将来事实相反：条件从句a)If+主语+动词过去式;b)If+主语+were to+动词原形;c)If+
procrastination
主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would) 。主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.
新西兰留学条件If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.
3. 错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在
就会好多了。
注：条件从句用 if I were…时，既可指现在也可指过去。
If I were you, I would go. 假若我是你，我就去。
If I were not busy, I would have come. 假若我不忙，我早就来了。
也可用 if I had been you也表示过去：
If I had been you，I’d have taken the job. 我要是你，我就接受那份工作了。
4. 含蓄虚拟条件句
上海世博会会徽图案
所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句：
(a) 将条件隐含在某些连词(如or, or el, otherwi等)中：
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or el I wouldn’t have believed him=I wouldn’t have believed him, but I didn’t know that he was a cheat= If I had known he was a cheat, I wou
ldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。
I’m really very busy, otherwi I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。
(b)If it weren’t for与if it hadn’t been for。这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，其意为“若不是(有)”、“要不是有”：if it weren’t for 用于谈论现在的情况，而if it hadn’t been for 用于谈论过去的情况。
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If it hadn’t been for the doctor, he would have died. 要不是医生救了他，他就会死了。
注：(1) 此句型有可用but for, without等替换：
数学三If it hadn’t been for [But for, 或者Without] your assistance， we wouldn’t have succeeded. 要不是有你帮忙，我们是不会成功的。
(c) 将条件隐含在介词短语中：
Without air, no one could live. 没有空气，人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)
But for his help, he would have failed. 要不是有他的帮助，他就会失败了。(=It it hadn’t been for his help, he would have failed.)
(d)将条件隐含在分词短语中：
Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he would have been a scholar…)
Failing this time, what would you do？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed =this time, what…)
Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中走，玛丽会感十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she…)
(e) 将条件隐含在名词短语中：
A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)
A few hours earlier, and you would have en the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)
(f) 将条件隐含在定语从句中：
Anyone who had en that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had en that painting，he might have taken it for a photo)
握手礼仪5. 几类省略的虚拟条件句型
(1) 省略连词if。有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首：
Were I Tom, I would refu. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。
Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。
注：① 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。比如：Were I not Tom, I would refu./Should it not rain tomorrow, I would go shopping.
② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：
Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…)
(2) 省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be。若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：
If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
(3) 省略“it+be”：
If necessary, I would nd more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去你。(=If it )
02 七类使用虚拟语气的常见从句
1. wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语式
要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语一般过去时或过去进行时，表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形：
>山东大学继续教育网
