语用学复习要点及习题
1. ★Semantics语义学---- is the study of the literal字面上的稽核岗位职责 meaning of a ntence (without taking context into consideration).
Pragmatics语用学---- the study of the intended meaning of a speaker (taking context into consideration)
2. Pragmatics can make n out of nonn, given a suitable context.
Appropriateness盗用 is very important in linguistic communication, especially in cross-cultural communication.
3. Deixis指示 means “pointing via language”. Any linguistic form ud to do this “pointing” is called perfecta deictic expression.
4. Classification of deixis指示分类person deixis；Spatial deixis；Temporal deixis；Discour deixis； Social deixis
5. Constatives (叙述句) ---- statements that either state or describe, and are thus verifiable可检验的;
Performatives (施为句) ---- ntences that do not state a fact or describe a state, and are not verifiable.
6. Locutionary act: act of uttering words, phras, claus; 言内行为
Illocutionary act: the act of expressing the speaker’s intention;言外行为 言后行为
Perlocutionary act: the act performed by or resulting for saying something, the conquence of the utterance
7. ★Cooperative principle: Make your conversational contribution such as required at the stage at which it occurs by the accepted purpo or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.
2016元宵节8. ★four maxims准则 under the Cooperative principle
9. The Politeness Principle and the 4 maxims of PP
Leech develops the face theory further and formulates the politeness principle:
1) Tact maxim （策略准则） Minimize cost to other （使他人受损最小）
Maximize cost for lf （使自身受损最大）
2) Generosity maxim （宽宏准则）Minimize benefit to lf （使自身受惠最小）
在职研究生准考证 Maximize benefit of other（使他人受惠最大）
3) Approbation maxim （赞扬准则）Minimize disprai of other（尽力缩小对他人的贬损）
Maximize prai of other（尽力夸大对他人的赞扬）
4）Modesty maxim （谦虚准则）Minimize prai of lf（尽力缩小对自身的赞扬）
Maximize disprai of lf（尽力夸大对自身的贬损）
5) Agreement maxim （赞同准则）Minimize disagreement between lf and other（尽
力缩小自身和他人之间的分歧。）Maximize agreement between lf and other（尽力夸大自身和他人之间的一致。）
6) Sympathy maxim （同情准则）Minimize antipathy between lf and other（尽力缩小自身对他人的厌恶。）Maximize sympathy between lf and other（尽力夸大自身对他人的同情。）
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or fal. F T F T T
1. All the acts that belong to the same category act share the same purpo or the same illocutionary act, and they are the same in their strength or force. (F)
2. All the utterances that can be made to rve the same purpo may vary in the syntactic form. (T)
3. Conversation participants nearly always obrve the CP and the maxims of the CP. (F)
4. .A ntence is grammatical concept, and the meaning of a ntence is often studied as the abstract intrinsic property of the ntence itlf in terms of a predication. (T)
巧虎欢乐英语5. Utterance is bad on ntence meaning; it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a ntence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context. (T)
Ⅱ缘份有take2. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. 1A 2C 3B 4C 5D 6A 7C 8A
familiar1. All the utterance that can be made to rve the same purpo may vary in their _________ form.
A. syntactic B. mantic C. grammatical D. pragmatic
2. The cooperative Principle is propod by ________.
A. John Searle B. John Austin C. Paul Grice D. John Lyons
3. Linguists found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the ________ of language u was left unconsidered.
A. brevity B. context C. accuracy D. none of the above
4. Of the three speech acts, linguistic are most interested in the _________.
A. locutionary act B. perlocutionary act
C. illocutionary act D. none of the above
5. The maxim of quantity requires: ___________.
A. make your contribution ad informative as required.
kuhle
B. Do not make contribution more informative than is required.
asian for you C. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
D. Both A and B
胸罩英语
6. The maxim of quality requireds: do not say what you believe to be ________.
A. fal B. true C. brief D. orderly
7. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give ri to _______.
