专题五:名词性从句(Noun Claus)
在英语中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句包括:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的词叫做连接词,包括连词(在名词性从句中只起连接作用,不作成分)、连接代词(在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语)和连接副词(在名词性从句中作状语)。名词性从句是一种具有名词作用的非独立分句,一般不用标点符号与主句隔开。尽管有时有特殊疑问词存在,但所有名词性从句的语序都是陈述语序。
一、主语从句(Subject Claus)
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词:that, whether, if;连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever;连接副词:when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why。
1.连词that, whether, if引导的主语从句
that在主语从句中不作成分,没有意思,不能省略;whether和if虽不作句子的成分,但有“是否"的意思,且if引导的主语从句不能位于句首。
驳回Tunder怎么读hat the earth turns around the sun is known to us all。
地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知的。
That she was chon made us happy. 她被选上使我们感到高兴.
Whether he will come or not is not yet known.
他是否要来还不知道。(只能用whether)
Whether we’ll go outing depends on the weather。
我们是否去郊游视天气而定。(只能用whether)
It is not certain whether/if the question will be discusd.
那个问题是否将被讨论还不确定。(二者皆可)
2。连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever引导的主语从句
what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever在主语从句中起代词的作用,可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语,有具体的意思且不能省略。
What surprid us was that he pasd the driving test.
使我们感到惊奇的是他通过了驾驶考试。
What we need is more practice。 我们需要的是更多的练习.
Whatever I have is yours. 我所拥有的一切都是你的.
网贴翻译论坛
Who will go is not important. 谁将去是不重要的.
via是什么意思Whoever is here gets a prize。 不管谁来,都能获奖.
Which team will win the match is still unknown. 哪个队将赢得比赛还不知道.
Whichever you choo is OK.不论你选哪一个都行.翻译在线 拍照
3.连接副词when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why引导的主语从句
when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why在主语从句中起副词的作用,作状语,有具体的意思且不能省略。
When they will start hasn’t been decided yet. 他们将何时动身还没有决定.
Whenever you come is OK. 你无论何时来都行。
Where he has been is still a puzzle。 他曾去过什么地方仍是个迷。
Wherever she wants to go is not allowed. 无论她想要去哪儿都是不被允许的。
How he became a great scientist is known to all。
他是怎样成为伟大科学家的这一点众所周知.
H怎么查高考成绩2021owever late you come doesn't matter。 无论你来的有多晚都没关系。
Why he did it wasn’t quite clear. 他为什么作那件事是不清楚的。
4。用it作形式主语的主语从句
如果主语从句太长,为了避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们可以用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。常见的结构有:
①It+be+形容词+that…,常见的形容词有known, clear, necessary, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, certain, obvious, strange, natural等。
贝乐学科英语That the earth turns around the sun is known to us all。
地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知的。
It is known to us all that the earth turns around the sun
Whether he will come or not is not clear。
他是否要来还不清楚。
It is not clear whether/if he will come or not.
②It+be+名词+that…常见的名词有a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a mystery, a wonder, no wonder, good news, common knowledge等。
It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam. 他没有通过考试真遗憾.
It is a wonder that he survived the crash. 他从坠机事件中幸存下来真是个奇迹.
It is no wonder that he has achieved so much success。 难怪他取得如此大的成功。
③It+be+动词过去分词+that…常见的过去分词有said, believed, reported, pointed out, hoped, thought, decided, ordered等。
It is said that he is a famous writer. 据说他是位著名的作家。
It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon. 据报道今天下午有暴风雨。
④It+特殊动词+that…常见的特殊动词有em, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to等。
It ems that it is going to rain. 天看起来要下雨了。
It happened that I didn’t take any money with me。 碰巧我身上没带钱。
It occurred to me that I didn’t clo the window。 我突然想起我没有关窗户。
注:a. what与that引导主语从句时的区别:what不但起连接作用,而且有具体意义,意为“…的事情/东西〔the thing(s) that〕”,在从句中作主语或宾语。而that在从句中无词义,不作成分,只起连接作用。简言之,从句中若不缺少主语或宾语时,就用that,否则用what。
What surpris us is that computers can recogni human voices.
让我们感到惊讶的是电脑能分辨人的声音。
What we lack is knowledge. 我们缺乏的是知识。thrilling
That he comes from the USA is known to us all. 我们大家都知道他来自美国。
b。若that引导主语从句是疑问句时,就只能用it作形式主语的结构。
Is it certain that he will come? 他要来确定吗?
Is it true that he would take the risk? 他要承担很大的风险是真的吗?
二、表语从句(Predicative Claus)
表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。一般放在连系动词如be, em, look等之后,引导表语从句的词有连词:that, whether;连接代词:who, whom, who, what, which等;连接副词:when, where, how, why等。
1。连词that, whether引导的表语从句
aswellasthat, whether在表语从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。that一般无意义,但不能省略; whether意为“是否”.
The fact is that the boy is lying. 事实是那个男孩在撒谎。
The trouble is that we are short of money. 问题在于我们缺钱。
The reason is that we can’t get there on time。 原因是因为我们不能按时到达那儿。
The first question is whether it is true or not. 首要的问题是这是否是真的。
The question is whether it is worth doing。 问题是这是否值得做。
2.连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
表语从句可由连接代词who, whom, who, what, which等和连接副词when, where, how, why等来引导。
师大二附The question is who should be to blame。 问题是谁该受责备。
The problem is whom they are looking for? 问题是他们在找谁。