学案（第五课时）
※ 做从句题的方法：
1、 先将提干翻译出来，知道题干说的是什么意思；
2、 分析题干的句子结构，找出主句和从句；
3、 看从句是否缺成分，缺主语、宾语、定语或表语就选连接代词，缺状语就选连接副词，不缺成分就选that、whether、if、as if等连接词；
4、 锁定优势选项，将连接词的词义代入题干，看句子的意思是否通顺。
本节课需掌握的内容：
一、比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 二者的区别：
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：
It all depends on whether they will come back.
②后面直接跟or not 时用 whether。如：
I didnintention’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan
③主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether。如：
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
⑤whether常与approachor连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但i
f不能。如：
The question葫芦小金刚6 of whether they are male or female is not important.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能，但可以引导一个条件
状语从句表示“如果”如：
Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party电话英语培训班 on time.
If I have time tomorrow,中韩在线翻译器 I’ll go to visit Tom
二、whatever和no matter what的区别：
whatever可以引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。whatever引导让步状语从句时，可以换成no matter what; 引导名词性从句时，相当于anything that, 不能用no matter what替代，因为no matter what只能用来引导让步状语从句。
例如：
Whatever (=No matter what) you do, you should do it well.
无论你做什么事情，都要做好。
I'll do whatever (=anything that) I can to help you.
我将尽力帮你。
Don’t trust him, no matter what he says.
无论他说什么，都别信。(让步状语从句)
Wherever you go , whatever you do , I will be right here waiting for you .
无论你走到哪里，无论你做什么，(让步状语从句)
whatever作连接代词引导名词从句：主语从句、宾语从句justin tv，番禺英语培训意思是“所……的任何事情”。如：
Whatever she did was right. 她所做的一切都是对的。(主语从句)
You can take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。(宾语从句)
whatever作连接形容词，意为“无论什么样的”。应当注意， 此用法的whatever必须同其被修饰的词一起放在从句前引导从句。
如:
I can do whatever work I can find.我可以做我能找到的任何工作。
Whatever difficulties we meet, we can work them out.无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决它们。
三、状语从句
时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the mshall never surrenderoment, the cond, every time，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
The children ran away from the orchard（果园） the moment they saw the guard.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
As soon as I got to the bus stop,the bus started.
Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
原因状语从句
常用引导词：becau, since, as, for
特殊引导词：eing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that
My friends dislike me becau I’m handsome and successful.
occupationsNow that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
※becau, since, as, for辨析
［考题1］ ____ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full u of it. (1999)
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
［考题2］ He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2006北京)
A. and B. for C. but D. or
［考题3］ A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. (2006湖南)
A. so B. but C. and bedroom D. for
目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest（以免，唯恐）, in ca, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpo that
I'll make some sandwiches in ca you feel hungry on the journey．
我会做些三明治，免得你在旅途中饿着。
The teacher raid his voice on purpo that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
The boss asked the cretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppo that, in ca that, on condition that
Add more coal in ca the weather is cold．如果天气冷，就添些煤吧。
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
Suppo you fail, what will you do next?
让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
